Nitrogen Metabolism — Flashcards
NIOS · Class 12 · Biology
20 flashcards for Nitrogen Metabolism (NIOS Class 12 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Part of the NIOS Class 12 Biology syllabus.
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What is molecular nitrogen (N₂) and why is it stable in the atmosphere?
Answer
Molecular nitrogen (N₂) is diatomic nitrogen gas that makes up 78.03% of the atmosphere by volume. It is highly stable because of its triple covalent bond (N≡N) between the two nitrogen atoms. This st…
Define nitrogen fixation and explain why it is essential for life.
Answer
Nitrogen fixation is the process of converting atmospheric molecular nitrogen (N₂) into reactive nitrogen compounds, primarily ammonia (NH₃). It is a reductive process requiring reducing conditions an…
What are the two main types of nitrogen fixation, and how do they differ?
Answer
The two types of nitrogen fixation are: (1) ABIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION - occurs without living cells. Industrial example: Haber's process converts N₂ + 3H₂ into 2NH₃ at 500°C and 1000 atmospheres u…
Describe the Haber's process and its significance.
Answer
The Haber's process is an industrial method for abiological nitrogen fixation: N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃ at 500°C and 1000 atmospheres of pressure using iron oxide as a catalyst. This process is significant bec…
What is the role of the enzyme nitrogenase in nitrogen fixation?
Answer
Nitrogenase is the key enzyme in biological nitrogen fixation. Its functions include: (1) It binds molecular nitrogen (N₂) at its active site, (2) It is a molybdenum-iron (Mo-Fe) containing protein th…
List five free-living nitrogen-fixing organisms and classify them.
Answer
Five free-living nitrogen-fixing organisms are: (1) CLOSTRIDIUM - anaerobic, non-photosynthetic bacteria that fix nitrogen in anaerobic environments, (2) KLEBSIELLA - facultative bacteria (can survive…
What is symbiotic nitrogen fixation? Provide an example.
Answer
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation occurs when nitrogen-fixing microorganisms establish a mutually beneficial relationship (symbiosis) with a host organism, and together they fix atmospheric nitrogen. Exampl…
How do root nodules form in legumes, and what is their structure?
Answer
Root nodules are specialized structures formed on legume roots where symbiotic nitrogen fixation occurs. Formation process: (1) Rhizobium bacteria in soil recognize legume root signals, (2) Bacteria a…
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