Structure of Atom — Flashcards
Punjab Board · Class 11 · Chemistry
34 flashcards for Structure of Atom (Punjab Board Class 11 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What did J.J. Thomson discover and how did he determine the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron?
Answer
Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through cathode ray experiments. He used perpendicular electric and magnetic fields to deflect cathode rays and measured their deflection. By balancing the elec…
Calculate the mass of an electron using the charge-to-mass ratio and the charge on electron.
Answer
Given: e/m_e = 1.75882 × 10¹¹ C kg⁻¹ and e = 1.602176 × 10⁻¹⁹ C Formula: m_e = e ÷ (e/m_e) Step 1: m_e = (1.602176 × 10⁻¹⁹ C) ÷ (1.75882 × 10¹¹ C kg⁻¹) Step 2: m_e = 9.1094 × 10⁻³¹ kg Answer: The mass…
What is the key difference between Rutherford's nuclear model and Thomson's plum pudding model?
Answer
Thomson's Model: Positive charge uniformly distributed throughout the atom with electrons embedded in it (like plums in pudding). Rutherford's Model: Positive charge concentrated in a tiny nucleus at …
Define atomic number and mass number. How are they used to represent an isotope?
Answer
Atomic Number (Z): Number of protons in nucleus = number of electrons in neutral atom. Mass Number (A): Total number of nucleons (protons + neutrons) in nucleus. Formula: A = Z + n (where n = number o…
Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in ⁸⁰₃₅Br.
Answer
Given: ⁸⁰₃₅Br means A = 80, Z = 35 Step 1: Number of protons = Z = 35 Step 2: Number of electrons (neutral atom) = Z = 35 Step 3: Number of neutrons = A - Z = 80 - 35 = 45 Answer: Protons = 35, Electr…
What is Planck's quantum theory and how does it explain black body radiation?
Answer
Planck's Quantum Theory (1900): Energy is not emitted continuously but in discrete packets called quanta. Energy of quantum: E = hν (where h = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J·s, ν = frequency) Black Body Radiation: H…
Calculate the energy of one mole of photons with frequency 5 × 10¹⁴ Hz.
Answer
Given: ν = 5 × 10¹⁴ Hz, h = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J·s, Avogadro's number = 6.022 × 10²³ Step 1: Energy of one photon using E = hν E = (6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J·s)(5 × 10¹⁴ s⁻¹) = 3.313 × 10⁻¹⁹ J Step 2: Energy of one …
Explain the photoelectric effect and how Einstein's quantum theory explains it.
Answer
Photoelectric Effect: When light strikes a metal surface, electrons are ejected with kinetic energy. Classical Physics Failed: According to wave theory, brighter light should eject faster electrons, b…
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