Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

This is the work done by

This is the work done by an external force (equal and opposite to the electrostatic force) in bringing a test charge from infinity to a point in an el

The electrostatic potential at a point

The electrostatic potential at a point is defined as the work done per unit positive charge by an external force in bringing that charge from infinity

For a point charge Q at

For a point charge Q at the origin, the potential at distance r is: V(r) = (1/4πε₀) × (Q/r). This formula applies for any sign of Q: positive charges

An electric dipole consists of charges

An electric dipole consists of charges +q and -q separated by distance 2a, with dipole moment p = 2qa. The potential at a point P at distance r (where

The total potential at a point

The total potential at a point due to a system of charges is the algebraic sum of potentials due to individual charges: V = Σ (1/4πε₀) × (qᵢ/rᵢ). For