Independent India (The First 30 years-1947-77)

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It was important because India chose democracy after British rule and held elections under the new Constitution. It showed the country's commitment to universal adult franchise, meaning all adults cou…

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Universal Adult Franchise means every adult citizen has the right to vote, without discrimination. India adopted it at one go, unlike Western countries where voting rights were extended in stages. Thi…

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The Election Commission used symbols from everyday life so people could पहचान different candidates and parties without reading long names. In the first election, each candidate also had a separate bal…

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Many women were known only by their father's or husband's name, so they did not have an independent identity in official records. This had to change for equal voting rights and social equality. The el…

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One-party dominance means one party wins most elections and forms the government repeatedly, while other parties also exist and contest elections. In early India, the Congress dominated because it won…

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Congress had the trust of many people because of its role in the freedom struggle and its wide support across regions and social groups. Other parties existed but were not strong enough to challenge i…

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Congress won 284 seats, which was its lowest majority since Independence. The result was important because it showed that the Congress was no longer unchallenged. It lost in several state assemblies, …

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The Congress System was the pattern in which Congress formed the government in most states and at the Centre, while smaller groups and opposition parties continued to exist. Power competition happened…