Reproduction in Organisms — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Zoology
24 flashcards for Reproduction in Organisms (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Zoology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is reproduction and why is it considered a fundamental feature of all living organisms?
Answer
Reproduction is a biological process by which organisms produce their young ones. It is fundamental because: (1) It ensures the continuation of species across generations, (2) It introduces genetic va…
Define and differentiate between asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction.
Answer
Asexual Reproduction: Reproduction by a single parent without gamete formation. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent (uniparental inheritance). No genetic variation occurs. Examples: Amoe…
What is binary fission and name the four types based on the plane of division.
Answer
Binary fission is the division of a parent organism into two identical daughter individuals. The nucleus divides first (mitotically or amitotically), followed by cytoplasm division (cytokinesis). The…
Explain the process of multiple fission in Amoeba, including what triggers it.
Answer
Multiple fission occurs when the parent organism divides into many similar daughter cells simultaneously. The process: (1) Nucleus divides repeatedly without cytokinesis, (2) Each nucleus becomes surr…
What is the difference between encystment and sporulation in Amoeba?
Answer
Encystment (Cyst Formation): Amoeba withdraws pseudopodia and secretes a three-layered protective chitinous cyst wall during unfavorable conditions. Inside this cyst, it undergoes multiple fission. Wh…
What is strobilation and where is it commonly observed?
Answer
Strobilation is a special type of transverse fission seen in some metazoan animals where several transverse fissions occur simultaneously, giving rise to numerous individuals that often do not separat…
Compare exogenous budding and endogenous budding with specific examples.
Answer
Exogenous Budding (External Budding): Buds form on the outer surface of the parent body. The bud grows, develops its own mouth and tentacles, then detaches to lead independent life. Example: Hydra - D…
What are gemmules in sponges and how do they function in reproduction?
Answer
Gemmules are internal buds seen in freshwater and some marine sponges. Structure: A hard ball consisting of an internal mass of food-laden archaeocytes (amoeboid cells) surrounded by protective coveri…
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