Human Health and Diseases — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Zoology
30 flashcards for Human Health and Diseases (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Zoology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the WHO definition of health? Why is it more comprehensive than simply 'absence of disease'?
Answer
According to WHO, health is 'a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely absence of diseases.' This definition is comprehensive because it recognizes that true health invo…
Distinguish between infectious and non-infectious diseases with examples.
Answer
Infectious diseases (communicable diseases) are transmitted from one person to another through pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Examples: malaria (protozoan), typhoid (bacterial…
Name five bacterial diseases and identify one transmission mode for each.
Answer
1. Typhoid (Salmonella typhi) - contaminated food/water transmission via fecal-oral route. 2. Cholera (Vibrio cholerae) - contaminated water, causes severe diarrhea. 3. Diphtheria (Corynebacterium dip…
Why is it difficult to develop a vaccine for common cold, and what causes this virus?
Answer
Common cold is caused by more than 150 different strains of Rhinoviruses. Because there are so many viral strains, creating a single effective vaccine is extremely challenging. Additionally, the RNA g…
What is antibiotic resistance and how can we prevent its development?
Answer
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria exposed to antibiotics develop genetic mutations that allow them to survive the drug. If an antibiotic is used too frequently or inappropriately, resistant b…
Explain the complete life cycle of Plasmodium vivax in both human and mosquito hosts.
Answer
Plasmodium vivax is a digenic parasite requiring two hosts. HUMAN PHASE: (1) Infected female Anopheles mosquito injects sporozoites through saliva. (2) Sporozoites travel to liver cells and undergo sc…
Why do malarial patients experience cycles of fever and chills every 48-72 hours?
Answer
The fever cycles in malaria (called malarial paroxysms) are directly linked to the erythrocytic (RBC) stage of Plasmodium's life cycle. Every 48-72 hours (depending on Plasmodium species), synchronize…
Compare the four types of malaria caused by different Plasmodium species.
Answer
P. vivax (Benign Tertian Malaria): 48-hour erythrocytic cycle, fever every third day, least fatal, causes relapses. P. ovale (Mild Tertian Malaria): 48-hour cycle, similar to vivax but rarer, also cau…
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