Principles of Inheritance and Variation — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Zoology
24 flashcards for Principles of Inheritance and Variation (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Zoology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is a gene and what does it represent in the context of heredity?
Answer
A gene is the unit of heredity that is inherited from parents to offspring. It is the basic functional unit of DNA that determines specific biological characteristics and traits in an organism. For ex…
Define multiple alleles and explain why blood group inheritance is a good example of this phenomenon.
Answer
Multiple alleles refer to three or more alternative forms of the same gene that control a particular trait and occupy the same locus on homologous chromosomes. ABO blood groups are an excellent exampl…
What are the three alleles of the I gene in blood group inheritance, and what does each one produce?
Answer
The three alleles of the I gene are: (1) I^A - produces N-acetyl galactose transferase enzyme, which adds N-acetyl galactosamine to create A antigen; (2) I^B - encodes galactose transferase enzyme, wh…
If a person has genotype I^A I^O, what will be their ABO blood type and why?
Answer
A person with genotype I^A I^O will have blood type A. This is because the I^A allele is dominant over the I^O allele. Even though they carry one recessive I^O allele, the dominant I^A allele is expre…
What is the Rh factor, where was it discovered, and what does Rh D positive versus Rh D negative mean?
Answer
The Rh factor (immunogenic D antigen) is a special antigen found on the surface of red blood cells. It was discovered in 1940 by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener in the blood of the rhesus monkey…
What is erythroblastosis foetalis (hemolytic disease of the newborn) and when does it occur?
Answer
Erythroblastosis foetalis (HDN) is a serious hemolytic disease where fetal red blood cells are destroyed due to incompatibility between mother and fetus blood types. It typically occurs when an Rh neg…
Distinguish between heterogametic males (XX-XY type) and heterogametic females (ZW-ZZ type) in sex determination.
Answer
In heterogametic males (XX-XY system): Males produce two types of gametes (X and Y), while females produce only X gametes. Found in humans and Drosophila. The male offspring sex is determined by wheth…
What is the SRY gene and what is its role in male development in humans?
Answer
The SRY (Sex determining region Y) gene is located on the Y chromosome and is responsible for male sex determination in humans. The gene product of SRY is the testes determining factor (TDF), which is…
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