Evolution — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Zoology
25 flashcards for Evolution (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Zoology) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "What is biological evolution?"
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What is biological evolution?
Answer
Biological evolution refers to heritable changes in one or more characteristics of a population of species from one generation to the next. It describes how organisms change over time through genetic …
How old is Earth according to radiometric dating?
Answer
Radiometric dating of meteorites estimates Earth's age at approximately 4.5 to 4.6 billion years old. Initially, Earth was inhospitable due to extreme heat from planetary collisions. Over time, the ou…
Distinguish between abiogenesis and biogenesis.
Answer
Abiogenesis (also called spontaneous generation) proposes that living organisms originated from non-living materials through stepwise chemical and molecular evolution over millions of years. The term …
What was the Oparin-Haldane hypothesis about the origin of life?
Answer
Oparin (1924) and Haldane (1929) independently proposed that in the primitive atmosphere with reducing conditions and appropriate energy sources (lightning, UV radiation), organic compounds could be s…
What did the Urey-Miller experiment demonstrate?
Answer
The Urey-Miller experiment (1953) simulated early Earth conditions by circulating a mixture of gases (ammonia, methane, hydrogen, and water vapor) over electric discharge. The experiment showed that o…
What are the three main categories of fossils?
Answer
Fossils fall into three main categories: (1) Actual remains—original hard parts like bones, teeth, or shells preserved intact in sedimentary rocks (e.g., Woolly Mammoth preserved in Siberia). (2) Petr…
What are homologous structures and what do they suggest about evolution?
Answer
Homologous structures are anatomically similar structures found in different vertebrates that share a common origin but perform different functions. For example, the forelimbs of humans, whales, bats,…
What is the difference between homologous and analogous structures?
Answer
Homologous structures have similar origins (common ancestry) but perform different functions, indicating divergent evolution (e.g., forelimbs of vertebrates). Analogous structures have different struc…
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