Microbes in Human Welfare — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Zoology
25 flashcards for Microbes in Human Welfare (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Zoology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What are probiotics and how do they differ from pathogens?
Answer
Probiotics are live beneficial microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed, primarily by improving gut flora. Unlike pathogens which cause disease, probiotics prevent the growth of harmf…
Describe the process of curd formation from milk using lactic acid bacteria.
Answer
Curd formation is a fermentation process where lactic acid bacteria (LAB) like Lactobacillus species are added to fresh milk as a starter culture. At suitable temperature (≤40°C), these bacteria multi…
What is the role of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in yogurt production?
Answer
These two microorganisms work together to produce yogurt through bacterial fermentation of milk. S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus coagulate the milk protein and convert lactose into lactic acid. The …
How does Propionibacterium shermanii contribute to the characteristic appearance of Swiss cheese?
Answer
Propionibacterium shermanii is a bacterium used as a starter culture in Swiss cheese production. During fermentation, this bacterium produces large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas as a metabolic b…
What is the difference between the fermentation microbes used in idli/dosa versus bread making?
Answer
Idlis and dosas use Leuconostoc mesenteroides, a bacterium that ferments the dough and produces lactic acid, giving these foods their characteristic sour taste and fluffy texture. In contrast, bread m…
What is Single Cell Protein (SCP) and why is it nutritionally important?
Answer
Single Cell Protein refers to edible unicellular microorganisms, most commonly Spirulina, that serve as protein-rich food sources. SCP is produced from pure or mixed cultures of algae, yeasts, fungi, …
Define antibiotic and explain what 'antibiosis' means in the context of antibiotics.
Answer
An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by microorganisms that can kill or retard the growth of other disease-causing microbes, even in low concentrations. The term 'antibiotic' literally means…
Describe Alexander Fleming's discovery of penicillin and its significance.
Answer
In 1926, Alexander Fleming observed a green mold (later identified as Penicillium notatum) growing on one of his unwashed culture plates. Around this mold, Staphylococci bacteria could not grow, indic…
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