Molecular Genetics — Flashcards
Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Zoology
25 flashcards for Molecular Genetics (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Zoology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is a gene and what are its key properties?
Answer
A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity - a segment of DNA responsible for inheritance and expression of a particular characteristic. Key properties include: (1) Multiple genes ex…
State and explain the 'one gene-one polypeptide hypothesis'.
Answer
This hypothesis states that one gene controls the production of only one polypeptide chain of an enzyme molecule. This refined the earlier 'one gene-one enzyme' hypothesis because enzymes often consis…
How did Griffith's transformation experiment provide evidence for genetic material?
Answer
Griffith (1928) used two strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria: S-strain (smooth, virulent) and R-strain (rough, non-virulent). He discovered that heat-killed S-strain DNA, when added to living…
What was the significance of the Hershey-Chase experiment (1952) using T₂ bacteriophage?
Answer
The Hershey-Chase experiment definitively proved that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material. They used radioactive isotopes to track viral components: ³²P labeled DNA and ³⁵S labeled protein. Afte…
Describe the structure of a nucleotide and identify its three main components.
Answer
A nucleotide, the basic building block of nucleic acids, consists of three components: (1) Pentose sugar - a five-carbon sugar that is either ribose (in RNA) or deoxyribose (in DNA; deoxyribose has on…
What is the difference between DNA and RNA in terms of structure and composition?
Answer
DNA and RNA differ in several key aspects: (1) Sugar component - DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose sugar (RNA has an extra -OH group at the 2' carbon), (2) Nitrogenous bases - D…
What is the significance of the base-pairing rules in DNA structure?
Answer
The base-pairing rules, discovered by Erwin Chargaff and incorporated into Watson and Crick's DNA model (1953), state that: (1) Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) through 2 hydrogen bonds, (2) Guanine…
Explain what the 'RNA world' hypothesis suggests about the evolution of life.
Answer
The 'RNA world' hypothesis, proposed independently by Leslie Orgel, Francis Crick, and Carl Woese (early 1980s) and popularized by Walter Gilbert (1986), suggests that RNA was the first genetic materi…
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