Periodic Table and Atomic Properties

The physical and chemical properties

The physical and chemical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. This means that when elements are arranged in order o

The arrangement of electrons in shells

The arrangement of electrons in shells and subshells (s, p, d, f) determines an element's position in the periodic table. Elements in the same group h

Atomic size decreases across a period

Atomic size decreases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge pulling electrons closer. It increases down a group due to addition of new elec

Elements are classified into s

Elements are classified into s-, p-, d-, and f-blocks based on the subshell in which the last electron enters. s-block includes groups 1–2, p-block in

Elements like lithium

Elements like lithium, beryllium, boron to fluorine differ from their group members due to small size, high electronegativity, and absence of d-orbita