Arrival Of Europeans In India - As Traders And Consolidation Of British Power
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · History
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Arrival of the Portuguese
- Portugal was a leading naval power in Europe during the late 15th century.
- Vasco da Gama reached Calicut (Kozhikode) on May 20, 1498, opening a sea route from Europe to India.
- The Portuguese established factories at Cochin and Coonoor in 1503 under the name 'Estado da India'.
Arrival of the Dutch
- The Dutch established themselves in Masulipatnam in 1605 with a farman from the Golconda ruler.
- They dominated the spice trade by controlling Java and Sumatra (Spice Islands).
- The Dutch exchanged Indian textiles from the Coromandel Coast for spices in Southeast Asia.
Arrival of the British
- The British East India Company was formed in 1600 with a royal charter for trade in the East Indies.
- Sir Thomas Roe secured a farman from Mughal Emperor Jahangir in 1618 to establish a factory at Surat.
- The British recognized Gujarat as a major hub for textile exports.
Arrival of the French
- The French arrived in the early 17th century and established trading posts in Surat, Masulipatnam, and Pondicherry.
- Pondicherry became their most important colony, established in 1674.
- Other French territories included Karikal, Mahe, Yanam, and Chandernagore.
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