Mauryan Empire : Foundation Of First Greatest Empire Of India
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · History
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1. Rise of the Mauryan Empire
- Founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 322 BCE after overthrowing the Nanda dynasty.
- Chandragupta was guided by Chanakya (also known as Kautilya or Vishnugupta), his teacher and chief minister.
- Chanakya played a key role in planning the downfall of the Nandas and establishing the Mauryan rule.
2. Mauryan Rulers: Chandragupta, Bindusara, Ashoka
- Chandragupta Maurya: Founder, defeated Nandas, established strong administration with Chanakya.
- Bindusara: Son of Chandraguptas; expanded empire to southern India; maintained relations with Greeks.
- Ashoka: Greatest Mauryan ruler; converted to Buddhism after the Kalinga War; promoted Dhamma.
3. Administration and Governance
- Centralized administration with the king at the center, advised by a council of ministers (Mantri Parishad).
- Empire divided into four provinces: Taxila, Ujjain, Suvarnagiri, and Kalinga.
- Provincial governors were often royal family members.
4. Art, Architecture, and Culture
- Pataliputra had a grand wooden palace with pillared halls and gardens, described in Arthashastra.
- Ashoka replaced wooden pillars with highly polished stone pillars, many inscribed with edicts.
- Famous pillars at Sarnath, Sanchi, and Nandangarh; Lion Capital at Sarnath is India’s national emblem.
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