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Historical Identity of India - Geographical Features and Environmental Factors and Its Influence on History of India - Unity in Diversity Sources to Study History

Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · History

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Key Topics to Revise

1

2.4 India and Its Historical Identity Through the Ages

  • India has been known by different names in different periods of history.
  • Meluhha meant 'Land of Rich Trade' and was used by Mesopotamians.
  • Jambudvipa was used during ancient, Buddhist, and Mauryan periods.
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2.5 Geographical Features of India

  • India’s geography is divided into six major physiographic regions.
  • The Himalayas act as a natural barrier protecting India from cold winds and invasions.
  • The Northern Plains are fertile and support agriculture and large populations.
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2.6 Environmental Factors and Their Influence on History

  • Environmental factors include climate, soil, water, vegetation, and landforms.
  • India has diverse climates — from icy Himalayas to hot deserts and wet rainforests.
  • Different soils support different crops and farming practices.
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2.7 Major Effects of Geography on Indian History

  • Himalayas blocked cold winds and invasions but had passes like Khyber, Gomal, and Bolan used by invaders.
  • Alexander entered through the Swat Valley; Huns, Turks, and Sakas also used these routes.
  • Vindhya and Satpura ranges divided North and South India, preserving southern cultures.

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Key Concepts

India has been known by variousIndia's physical features include the HimalayasClimateDespite differences in languageHistorical sources are of two types

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