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Excretory System — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 10 · Biology

Excretory System topics: Human Excretory System: Organs and Their, Structure of Kidney, Nephron: Structural and Functional Unit, plus 1 more.

40 questions35 flashcards5 concepts

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A labeled diagram of the human excretory system, showing the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, along with major associated blood vessels (aorta, vena cava).
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4 Topics · ICSE Class 10 Biology · 2026-27

Topics in Excretory System

1

1. Human Excretory System: Organs and Their Functions

  • The human excretory system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder and one urethra.
  • Kidneys are chief excretory organs of man and all other vertebrates.
  • Kidneys are present in the abdominal cavity just below the diaphragm, one on either side of the vertebral column.
2

2. Structure of Kidney

  • Each kidney is enclosed within a tough fibrous capsule.
  • In a longitudinal section of the kidney, two regions are seen: an outer dark coloured cortex and an inner light coloured medulla.
  • The cortex has a dotted appearance because of Malpighian capsules, proximal convoluted tubules and distal convoluted tubules.
3

3. Nephron: Structural and Functional Unit of Kidney

  • The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
  • Each human kidney contains about 1.2 million nephrons.
  • A nephron has two major parts: the Malpighian capsule and the renal tubule.
4

4. Blood Supply of Kidney and Ultrafiltration

  • Each kidney receives blood via a single renal artery entering at the hilum.
  • The renal artery contains oxygenated blood, but the blood contains a maximum amount of nitrogenous waste.
  • The renal vein leaves the kidney at the hilum and carries blood away from the kidney.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Removal of metabolic wastes and maintenance of internal balance in humans through the excretory system

ExcretionHuman excretory systemKidneysUretersUrinary bladderUrethraNephronUrine formation

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Excretory System for ICSE Class 10 Biology?
Key topics in Excretory System include Human Excretory System: Organs and Their Functions, Structure of Kidney, Nephron: Structural and Functional Unit of Kidney, Blood Supply of Kidney and Ultrafiltration. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 10 board exam.
How should I revise Excretory System for the ICSE Class 10 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 40 practice questions on Excretory System. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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