Biotechnology and its Applications — Chapter Summary
ICSE · Class 12 · Biology
Summary of Biotechnology and its Applications for ICSE Class 12 Biology. Part of the ICSE Class 12 Biology syllabus.
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Overview
Biotechnology applies living organisms, cells, or biological processes to make useful products and solve practical problems. Its major applications appear in agriculture, medicine, diagnosis, transgenic animals, and biosafety-related fields such as biopiracy and biopatents. The chapter connects gene
Key Concepts
Genetically modified crops carry artificially inserted
Genetically modified crops carry artificially inserted genes. This technology allows transfer of any gene from any organism, including chemically synt
Bt cotton is a genetically modified
Bt cotton is a genetically modified cotton plant that carries the Bt toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. It is resistant to insect larvae, especia
Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystalline insecticidal ...
Bacillus thuringiensis produces crystalline insecticidal proteins called Cry proteins. The genes that code for these proteins are cry genes. Different
RNA interference
RNA interference, also called gene silencing or PTGS, blocks the expression of selected genes. In pest-resistant plants, complementary RNA forms doubl
The nematode Meloidogyne incognita infests tobacco
The nematode Meloidogyne incognita infests tobacco roots. A nematode-specific gene is introduced into tobacco with Agrobacterium tumefaciens as vector
Learning Objectives
- Understand how biotechnology is used in agriculture and medicine
- Explain the development and action of Bt cotton and RNA interference
- Describe recombinant insulin and recombinant vaccines
- Differentiate types and potency of stem cells
- Explain gene therapy, molecular diagnosis, and ELISA
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Sources & Official References
Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.
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