Biotechnology and its Applications — Flashcards
ICSE · Class 12 · Biology
38 flashcards for Biotechnology and its Applications (ICSE Class 12 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is biotechnology in agriculture used for in modern crop improvement?
Answer
Biotechnology in agriculture is used to develop crops with useful traits such as tolerance to abiotic stresses, pest resistance, reduced post-harvest loss, improved mineral use, enhanced nutritional v…
Why was genetic engineering seen as a useful method for crop improvement after the Green Revolution?
Answer
Food grain production almost tripled due to the Green Revolution, but it was still not enough for the growing population. Conventional breeding and agrochemicals had limits, so genetic engineering off…
What is Bt cotton and why is it important?
Answer
Bt cotton is a genetically modified cotton plant carrying the Bt toxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis. It is resistant to insect larvae, especially bollworms, and reduces the need for chemical insec…
How does Bt toxin work in insects?
Answer
Bt toxin is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis as an inactive protoxin inside the bacterium, so it does not harm the bacterium itself. When an insect ingests it, the alkaline pH of the gut solubilises…
What are Cry proteins and cry genes?
Answer
Cry proteins are crystalline endotoxin proteins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis spores that kill insects. The genes responsible for making these proteins are called cry genes.
Which Bt genes control cotton bollworms and which gene controls corn borer?
Answer
Cry I Ac and Cry II Ab control cotton bollworms, while Cry I Ab controls corn borer.
What are the main advantages of Bt crops for farmers?
Answer
Bt crops improve insect control, reduce insecticide use, lower input cost, reduce environmental pollution, increase yield potential, and remain highly specific to certain insects without affecting oth…
What is RNA interference or RNAi?
Answer
RNA interference is a gene-silencing mechanism used to block the expression of specific genes. It can work by degrading RNA produced from the target gene or by suppressing transcription, and it is als…
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