Biotechnology and its Applications
ICSE · Class 12 · Biology
Flashcards for Biotechnology and its Applications — ICSE Class 12 Biology. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.
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See them allWhat are the two cry genes in Bt cotton and what pest do they protect against?
Answer
cry1Ac and cry2Ab (from Bacillus thuringiensis). They protect against bollworm — Helicoverpa armigera larvae.
How does Bt toxin kill bollworm but not harm mammals?
Answer
Bt toxin (Cry protein) is a protoxin activated only in the alkaline gut of susceptible larvae. Mammals have acidic guts and lack the specific gut receptors, so the toxin is not activated and passes ou…
What gene was introduced in Golden Rice, from which plant, and what does it produce?
Answer
Phytoene synthase gene from daffodil. It enables rice endosperm to synthesise beta-carotene (provitamin A), addressing Vitamin A deficiency.
What is Flavr Savr tomato and what genetic modification does it contain?
Answer
Flavr Savr is the first GM food crop — a tomato with antisense RNA against the polygalacturonase (PG) gene. PG degrades cell walls during ripening; antisense RNA silences it, delaying ripening and ext…
Which nematode is controlled by RNAi in plants and what is the mechanism?
Answer
Meloidogyne incognita (root knot nematode). Nematode-specific dsRNA is introduced into the plant via Agrobacterium. When the nematode feeds on the plant, it absorbs dsRNA → Dicer produces siRNA → RISC…
What is GEAC and what is its role?
Answer
GEAC = Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee. It is India's regulatory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, responsible for approving GM crops for safety to environment…
Who produced the first recombinant human insulin, when, and what is its brand name?
Answer
Eli Lilly, 1982. Brand name: Humulin. It was the first recombinant pharmaceutical protein approved for human use.
How is recombinant human insulin produced in E. coli?
Answer
A-chain and B-chain genes are cloned separately into two E. coli strains. Each chain is produced with a leader peptide. The leader peptide is removed by cyanogen bromide cleavage. The purified A and B…
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