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Biodiversity and Conservation

ICSE · Class 12 · Biology

Complete topic list for Biodiversity and Conservation in ICSE Class 12 Biology. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.

60 questions35 flashcards

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A graph illustrating the species-area relationship, showing both the rectangular hyperbola (S=CA^Z) and its logarithmic linear form (log S = log C + Z log A).
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4 Topics · ICSE Class 12 Biology

Topics in Biodiversity and Conservation

1

  • Genetic diversity: variation in genes within species. Example: India has 50,000 rice varieties and 1,000+ mango varieties
  • Species diversity: number and variety of species in a region; measured by species richness
  • Ecological diversity: diversity of ecosystems (desert, rainforest, wetland, coral reef)
2

  • Species richness INCREASES from poles to equator (tropics most diverse)
  • Reasons: (a) longer evolutionary time in stable tropics (b) less seasonal variation (c) more solar energy and productivity
  • Colombia has more bird species than all of North America
3

  • Narrowly utilitarian: direct economic use — food, fibre, medicines, industrial products
  • ~25% of drugs derived from plants (e.g., quinine from Cinchona bark, penicillin from Penicillium)
  • Broadly utilitarian: ecosystem services — oxygen, pollination, water cycling, soil formation, climate regulation
4

  • Term coined by E.O. Wilson for four main causes
  • 1. Habitat loss and fragmentation — MOST IMPORTANT cause; tropical deforestation, wetland drainage, coral reef destruction
  • 2. Over-exploitation — Dodo (extinct 1690), Passenger pigeon, Steller's sea cow, Quagga, many marine species

Chapter Syllabus

Biodiversity and Conservation is part of the ICSE Class 12 Biology syllabus. It covers the core concepts and topics prescribed by the board for the 2026 academic year.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Biodiversity and Conservation for ICSE Class 12 Biology?
Key topics in Biodiversity and Conservation include Three Levels of Biodiversity, Species-Area Relationship, Alpha, Beta, Gamma Diversity. These are the concepts ICSE Class 12 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Biodiversity and Conservation — ICSE Class 12 Biology?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 60 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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