Biomolecules

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Biomolecules are complex lifeless organic substances that form the basis of life and are responsible for the growth and maintenance of living systems. Important examples are carbohydrates, proteins, l…

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"Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones, or large polymeric molecules which on hydrolysis yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and polyhydroxy ketones."…

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Sucrose is classified as a carbohydrate because on hydrolysis it gives glucose and fructose, both of which are carbohydrates. It is a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose joined by a glycosidic l…

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C12H22O11 + H2O --dil. H2SO4--> C6H12O6 (Glucose) + C6H12O6 (Fructose) This is an acid-catalysed hydrolysis reaction. Sucrose gives an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose.

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Sucrose is dextrorotatory with [alpha]D = +66.5 degrees. On hydrolysis, it gives D-glucose with [alpha]D = +52.5 degrees and D-fructose with [alpha]D = -92.4 degrees. The mixture becomes laevorotatory…

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Maltose + H2O --H+ or maltase--> Glucose + Glucose Lactose + H2O --H+ or lactase--> Glucose + Galactose Both are disaccharides with molecular formula C12H22O11.

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Maltose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of starch by the enzyme diastase. It is a reducing sugar and is made of two alpha-D-glucose units joined by an alpha-glycosidic linkage between C1 of one unit…

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Lactose is a reducing disaccharide made of D-glucose and D-galactose joined by a beta-glycosidic linkage between C1 of galactose and C4 of glucose. It is found only in milk of mammals, not in plants.