Biomolecules — Flashcards
ICSE · Class 12 · Chemistry
42 flashcards for Biomolecules (ICSE Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "What are biomolecules?"
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What are biomolecules?
Answer
Biomolecules are complex lifeless organic substances that form the basis of life and are responsible for the growth and maintenance of living systems. Important examples are carbohydrates, proteins, l…
State the general definition of carbohydrates.
Answer
"Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones, or large polymeric molecules which on hydrolysis yield polyhydroxy aldehydes and polyhydroxy ketones."…
Why is sucrose classified as a carbohydrate even though it has no free aldehyde or ketone group?
Answer
Sucrose is classified as a carbohydrate because on hydrolysis it gives glucose and fructose, both of which are carbohydrates. It is a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose joined by a glycosidic l…
Write the balanced hydrolysis equation of sucrose.
Answer
C12H22O11 + H2O --dil. H2SO4--> C6H12O6 (Glucose) + C6H12O6 (Fructose) This is an acid-catalysed hydrolysis reaction. Sucrose gives an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose.
What happens when sucrose is hydrolysed in terms of optical rotation?
Answer
Sucrose is dextrorotatory with [alpha]D = +66.5 degrees. On hydrolysis, it gives D-glucose with [alpha]D = +52.5 degrees and D-fructose with [alpha]D = -92.4 degrees. The mixture becomes laevorotatory…
What are the hydrolysis products of maltose and lactose?
Answer
Maltose + H2O --H+ or maltase--> Glucose + Glucose Lactose + H2O --H+ or lactase--> Glucose + Galactose Both are disaccharides with molecular formula C12H22O11.
How is maltose formed and what type of sugar is it?
Answer
Maltose is obtained by partial hydrolysis of starch by the enzyme diastase. It is a reducing sugar and is made of two alpha-D-glucose units joined by an alpha-glycosidic linkage between C1 of one unit…
What is the structure and importance of lactose?
Answer
Lactose is a reducing disaccharide made of D-glucose and D-galactose joined by a beta-glycosidic linkage between C1 of galactose and C4 of glucose. It is found only in milk of mammals, not in plants.
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