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Syllabus

Russia under Lenin and Stalin — Syllabus

ICSE · Class 12 · History

What Russia under Lenin and Stalin covers in ICSE Class 12 History: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the ICSE Class 12 History syllabus.

70 questions48 flashcards5 concepts

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4 Topics · ICSE Class 12 History · 2026-27

Topics in Russia under Lenin and Stalin

1

1. The Revolutions of 1917

  • Russia used the Julian calendar until 1918, so the February Revolution began on 23 February (Julian) / 8 March (Gregorian) 1917.
  • The February/March Revolution overthrew Tsar Nicholas II and set up a mainly liberal provisional government.
  • Prince George Lvov became the first Prime Minister of the provisional government.
2

2. Lenin's Consolidation of Power

  • The Bolsheviks were a minority in the country but used decisive action to hold power.
  • Lenin nationalized land, banks, large factories, and mines.
  • Workers' control was introduced in factories, and the working day was limited to eight hours.
3

3. War with Germany and the Civil War

  • Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918.
  • The treaty was punitive and cost Russia a third of its farming land, a third of its population, two-thirds of its coalmines, and half its heavy industry.
  • The loss of Ukraine worsened food shortages.
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4. Lenin's Economic and Political Policy, 1921-24

  • By 1921 Lenin turned to the New Economic Policy, or NEP.
  • NEP allowed peasants to keep surplus produce after paying a tax.
  • Private trade returned under NEP, but heavy industry, power, transport, and banking remained under state control.

Key Concepts

Central concept: Transformation of Russia from revolution and civil war to Leninist rule and Stalinist dictatorship

February/March RevolutionOctober/November RevolutionPolitical instability in 1917Bolshevik ideology and supportConsolidation of Bolshevik ruleRussian Civil WarLenin’s leadershipNew Economic Policy

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Russia under Lenin and Stalin for ICSE Class 12 History?
Key topics in Russia under Lenin and Stalin include The Revolutions of 1917, Lenin's Consolidation of Power, War with Germany and the Civil War, Lenin's Economic and Political Policy, 1921-24. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the ICSE Class 12 board exam.
How should I revise Russia under Lenin and Stalin for the ICSE Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 70 practice questions on Russia under Lenin and Stalin. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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