Direct and Indirect Speech
ICSE · Class 7 · English Language-Grammar
Complete topic list for Direct and Indirect Speech in ICSE Class 7 English Language-Grammar. Key concepts, sub-topics, and what to focus on for board exams.
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Topics in Direct and Indirect Speech
1. Core Ideas
- Direct speech reproduces the exact words used by a speaker.
- Indirect speech conveys the meaning of a speech in the reporter's own words.
- Direct speech is always placed within inverted commas.
2. Changes in Statements
- That is used as the conjunction when converting statements to indirect speech.
- The reporting verb said is usually changed into told if it is followed by an object; if there is no object, it is left unchanged.
- Told is never followed by the preposition 'to'.
3. Tense Changes and Exceptions
- If the reporting verb is in present tense or future tense, the tense of the reported speech remains unchanged.
- If the reporting verb is in past tense, the tense of the reported speech usually changes to a corresponding past tense.
- is/are/am change to was/were.
4. Pronouns and Time-Place Words
- First person pronouns and possessives change according to the subject of the reporting verb.
- Second person pronouns and possessives change according to the object of the reporting verb.
- Third person pronouns and possessives remain unchanged.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Changing spoken words into reported speech
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