Seed Structure and Germination
ICSE · Class 9 · Biology
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Fruit, Seed, and Grain
- Fruit is the enlarged ripened ovary. The ovarian wall forms the fruit wall and encloses the seed.
- Fruit protects the seed and helps in seed dispersal. Mango and pea pod are examples.
- Seed is the ripened ovule. It contains the embryo, which develops into a new plant.
Types and Classification of Seeds
- Seeds are broadly of two kinds: monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous.
- Monocotyledonous seeds have one cotyledon; maize and grasses are examples.
- Dicotyledonous seeds have two cotyledons; pea, gram, and bean are examples.
Structure of Bean Seed
- Bean seed is dicotyledonous, exalbuminous, and kidney-shaped.
- It has a testa and a tegmen as the seed coat.
- Testa is the outermost hard brownish covering.
Structure of Maize Grain
- Maize grain is a one-seeded fruit in which the fruit wall and seed coat are fused.
- The maize grain is monocotyledonous and endospermic.
- The endosperm is rich in starch.
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