Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology — Flashcards

A: 1. Metabolism (breaking down and building up molecules for energy) 2. Growth and Development (from within, well-orchestrated process) 3. Aging (gradual loss of effectiveness over time) 4. Reproduction

A: Metabolism is the process of breaking down and building up molecules to obtain energy for survival. It has two components: 1. Catabolism: Breaking down of molecules to release energy 2. Anabolism: Bui

A: Living organisms show growth from within (intrinsic growth) which is a well-orchestrated, organized process controlled by the organism itself. Non-living things like sand mounds or boulders grow by ex

A: Systematics is the study of kinds and diversity of organisms and their comparative and evolutionary relationships. It was defined by G. Simpson in 1961.

A: Taxonomy means classification following certain rules or principles. It comes from Greek words 'taxis' (arrangement) and 'nomos' (law or rule). It was introduced by A. P. de Candolle, a Swiss Botanist

A: Artificial: Based on few easily observable, non-evolutionary features (e.g., Linnaeus system). Natural: Based on objectively significant features rather than convenience (e.g., Bentham and Hooker's sy

A: Cryptogamae are spore-producing plants that do not produce seeds and flowers. They reproduce sexually by gametes but sex organs are concealed (kryptos = hidden, gamos = marriage). Examples: Algae, Bry

A: Thallophyta includes algae - mostly aquatic plants with undifferentiated plant body called thallus. Characteristics: • Plant body is thalloid (no true root, stem, leaves) • Mostly aquatic (marine/fre

A: 1. Chlorophyceae (Green algae): • Pigments: Chlorophyll a and b • Mostly freshwater • Examples: Chlorella, Chlamydomonas, Spirogyra, Chara 2. Phaeophyceae (Brown algae): • Pigments: Chlorophyll a, c