Biomolecules — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Biology
26 flashcards for Biomolecules (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Covers Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins.
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What are biomolecules? Define and classify the major types.
Answer
Biomolecules are chemical compounds naturally found in living organisms. They are essential for life processes. The major types are: 1. Carbohydrates - energy source and structural components 2. Lipid…
Define carbohydrates and explain their general formula. Why are they called 'hydrates of carbon'?
Answer
Carbohydrates are biomolecules made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen with the general formula Cx(H2O)y. They are called 'hydrates of carbon' because they contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio…
Classify carbohydrates based on the number of sugar units with examples.
Answer
Carbohydrates are classified into three types: 1. MONOSACCHARIDES (Simple sugars): - Triose (3C): Glyceraldehyde - Pentose (5C): Ribose (RNA), Deoxyribose (DNA) - Hexose (6C): Glucose, Fruct…
What is the difference between aldoses and ketoses? Give examples.
Answer
The difference is based on the functional group: ALDOSES: - Contain aldehyde (-CHO) group - Examples: Glucose, Xylose - The carbonyl carbon is at the end of the chain KETOSES: - Contain ketone (-C=O…
Explain the formation of disaccharides. What is a glycosidic bond?
Answer
Disaccharides are formed when two monosaccharides undergo a CONDENSATION REACTION: - A water molecule (H2O) is removed - Energy is required for this process - A GLYCOSIDIC BOND forms between the two …
Compare the structure and function of starch, cellulose, and glycogen.
Answer
STARCH (Plant storage): - Made of α-glucose units - Two forms: Amylose (unbranched) and Amylopectin (branched) - Helical structure, partially water-soluble CELLUSE (Plant cell walls): - Made of β-glu…
Define lipids and explain why their H:O ratio differs from carbohydrates.
Answer
Lipids are biomolecules with greasy consistency containing long hydrocarbon chains made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. H:O RATIO DIFFERENCE: - Carbohydrates: H:O = 2:1 (same as water) - Lipids: H:O…
What are fatty acids? Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with examples.
Answer
Fatty acids are organic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ending in a carboxyl group (-COOH). SATURATED FATTY ACIDS: - No double bonds between carbon atoms - Straight chain structure - Solid at room tem…
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