Cell Structure and Organization — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Biology
23 flashcards for Cell Structure and Organization (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is a cell and why is it called the structural and functional unit of life?
Answer
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life in all living organisms. It is capable of independent existence and can perform all functions of life including metabolism, growth, reproduct…
State the postulates of Modern Cell Theory.
Answer
The Modern Cell Theory postulates are: 1) All living organisms are made up of cells, 2) Living cells arise from pre-existing cells (Omnis cellula-e-cellula), 3) A cell is the structural and functional…
What is totipotency and what is its significance in biology?
Answer
Totipotency is the capacity of a living nucleated cell to differentiate and divide to form any other type of cell and thereby a complete new organism. This occurs because cells contain the entire gene…
Compare the basic differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Answer
Prokaryotic cells: 1) No well-defined nucleus, 2) No membrane-bound organelles, 3) Genetic material freely floating in cytoplasm, 4) Smaller ribosomes (70S), 5) Simple cell organization. Eukaryotic ce…
Describe the structure and composition of bacterial cell envelope.
Answer
The bacterial cell envelope is a three-layered structure: 1) Outer glycocalyx - present as slime layer (loose sheath) or capsule (tough), 2) Middle cell wall - made of peptidoglycan (Gram positive) or…
What are mesosomes and what functions do they perform in bacterial cells?
Answer
Mesosomes are infoldings of the cell membrane found in bacterial cells. They perform several important functions: 1) Help in cell wall formation, 2) Assist in cellular respiration, 3) Aid in DNA repli…
Explain the structure and composition of plant cell wall including its layers.
Answer
Plant cell wall has three layers: 1) Middle lamella - outermost, thin layer between adjacent cells, made of pectin, calcium and magnesium pectate, first structure formed during cytokinesis, 2) Primary…
Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model of cell membrane. Who proposed it and when?
Answer
The Fluid Mosaic Model was proposed by Singer and Nicholson in 1972. According to this model, the cell membrane is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded in it. Proteins are like ice…
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