Respiration and Energy Transfer — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Biology
20 flashcards for Respiration and Energy Transfer (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is respiration and why is it essential for living organisms?
Answer
Respiration is a catabolic process where complex organic substrates are oxidized to simple components to generate biological energy in the form of ATP. It is essential because maintenance of life requ…
Define phosphorylation and explain its three types occurring in nature.
Answer
Phosphorylation is the formation of ATP by adding phosphate groups to ADP. Three types: 1) Photophosphorylation - occurs during photosynthesis using light energy, 2) Substrate-level phosphorylation - …
What is glycolysis and where does it occur?
Answer
Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose (6-carbon) molecule into two pyruvic acid (3-carbon) molecules. It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is common to both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. The …
Write the overall equation for glycolysis and explain the net gain.
Answer
Glucose + 2 ATP + 2 iP + 4 ADP + 2 NAD+ → 2 Pyruvate + 2 ADP + 4 ATP + 2 NADH+H+ + 2 H2O. Net gain: 2 ATP (4 produced - 2 consumed), 2 NADH+H+, and 2 pyruvate molecules. The preparatory phase consumes…
Compare lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
Answer
Lactic acid fermentation: Occurs in muscle cells during oxygen shortage. Pyruvate + NADH+H+ → Lactic acid + NAD+. Products: lactic acid. Example: muscle fatigue after exercise. Alcoholic fermentation:…
A student notices muscle fatigue after running. Explain this phenomenon using your knowledge of anaerobic respiration.
Answer
During intense exercise, oxygen supply to muscles becomes insufficient for aerobic respiration. Muscles switch to anaerobic respiration (lactic acid fermentation) to meet energy demands. Pyruvic acid …
What is the connecting link reaction and why is it important?
Answer
The connecting link reaction converts pyruvic acid to Acetyl CoA through oxidative decarboxylation. Equation: Pyruvic acid + CoA-SH + NAD+ → Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH+H+. Catalyzed by pyruvate dehydroge…
Describe the Krebs cycle and its significance.
Answer
Krebs cycle (TCA/Citric acid cycle) is a series of reactions in mitochondrial matrix where Acetyl CoA is completely oxidized. One cycle: Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetic acid → Citric acid → series of reactio…
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