Human Nutrition — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Biology
20 flashcards for Human Nutrition (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is nutrition according to WHO and what processes does it include?
Answer
According to WHO, nutrition is the intake of food considered in relation to the body's dietary needs. It includes five main processes: ingestion (taking in food), digestion (breaking down complex food…
Thecodont, Diphyodont, Heterodont
Answer
These terms describe human dentition: Thecodont - each tooth is fixed in a separate socket in jaw bones by gomphosis joint. Diphyodont - humans get two sets of teeth (milk teeth and permanent teeth) d…
Write the dental formula of an adult human and calculate total number of teeth.
Answer
Adult human dental formula: I 2/2, C 1/1, PM 2/2, M 3/3 = 2,1,2,3/2,1,2,3. This means each half of each jaw has 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars. Total calculation: 8 teeth per half jaw…
Describe the four histological layers of the alimentary canal from inside to outside.
Answer
From inside to outside: 1) Mucosa - innermost layer with goblet cells secreting mucus, forms villi in small intestine and rugae in stomach. 2) Submucosa - loose connective tissue with blood vessels, l…
Compare the structure and functions of villi and microvilli in the small intestine.
Answer
Villi are finger-like projections of intestinal mucosa that increase surface area for absorption. They contain blood capillaries and lacteals (lymph vessels). Microvilli are microscopic projections on…
What are the three types of cells in gastric glands and what do they secrete?
Answer
1) Mucus cells - secrete mucus that protects stomach lining from acidic gastric juice. 2) Peptic/Chief cells - secrete pepsinogen (inactive enzyme precursor of pepsin). 3) Parietal/Oxyntic cells - sec…
Why is liver called a vital organ? List its major functions.
Answer
Liver is vital because it performs multiple life-sustaining functions: 1) Produces bile for fat digestion 2) Stores glucose as glycogen 3) Detoxifies harmful substances through Kupffer cells 4) Conver…
Pancreas is called a heterocrine gland. Explain this term with examples.
Answer
Heterocrine means having both exocrine and endocrine functions. Exocrine function: Acinar cells secrete pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes (amylases, lipases, trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen)…
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