Skeleton and Movement — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 11 · Biology
20 flashcards for Skeleton and Movement (Maharashtra Board Class 11 Biology) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the difference between movement and locomotion?
Answer
Movement refers to any change in position of body parts or internal components (like heartbeat, peristalsis). It can be internal or external, voluntary or involuntary. Locomotion specifically refers t…
What are the four basic types of locomotory movements in animals?
Answer
1. Amoeboid movement - performed by pseudopodia (e.g., leucocytes) 2. Ciliary movement - performed by cilia (e.g., ciliated epithelium, Paramecium) 3. Flagellar movement - performed by flagella (e.g.,…
Define sarcomere and explain its role in muscle contraction.
Answer
Sarcomere is the contractile unit of skeletal muscle, located between two Z-lines. It contains two main contractile proteins - actin (thin filaments) and myosin (thick filaments). During contraction, …
Describe the structure and components of myosin filament.
Answer
Myosin filament is a thick contractile protein consisting of: 1. Heavy meromyosin (HMM) - two heavy chains coiled around each other forming double helix 2. Myosin head - globular protein mass at one e…
What are the three components of actin filament?
Answer
1. F-actin - Double-stranded backbone made of polymerized G-actin molecules, each with one ADP molecule attached 2. Tropomyosin - Two protein strands loosely attached to F-actin that physically cover …
Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction step by step.
Answer
Steps of sliding filament theory: 1. Nerve impulse reaches muscle fiber 2. Action potential spreads through T-tubules 3. Calcium ions released from sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium binds to troponin,…
What happens during muscle relaxation?
Answer
During muscle relaxation, events occur in reverse order: 1. Stimulation stops and actomyosin complex breaks down (requires ATP) 2. Myosin head detaches from actin filaments 3. Calcium ions actively re…
Define antagonistic muscles and give examples.
Answer
Antagonistic muscles are pairs of muscles that produce opposite actions at the same joint. When one contracts, the other relaxes to allow smooth movement. Examples: 1. Biceps (flexor) and Triceps (ext…
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