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Chemical Reaction and Equations

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 10 · Science

NCERT Solutions for Chemical Reaction and Equations — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Science.

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28 Questions Solved · 4 Sections

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Q U E S T I O N S

1Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?Show solution
A magnesium ribbon is cleaned with sandpaper to remove the layer of magnesium oxide formed on its surface by reaction with air. This clean surface burns more readily.

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2Write the balanced equation for the following chemical reactions.Show solution
1. Hydrogen + Chlorine → Hydrogen chloride

H2+Cl2→2HCl\text{H}_2 + \text{Cl}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{HCl}

2. Barium chloride + Aluminium sulphate → Barium sulphate + Aluminium chloride

3BaCl2+Al2(SO4)3→3BaSO4+2AlCl33\text{BaCl}_2 + \text{Al}_2(\text{SO}_4)_3 \rightarrow 3\text{BaSO}_4 + 2\text{AlCl}_3

3. Sodium + Water → Sodium hydroxide + Hydrogen

2Na+2H2O→2NaOH+H22\text{Na} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{NaOH} + \text{H}_2

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3Write a balanced chemical equation with state symbols for the following reactions.Show solution
1. Solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate

BaCl2(aq)+Na2SO4(aq)→BaSO4(s)+2NaCl(aq)\text{BaCl}_2\text{(aq)} + \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4\text{(aq)} \rightarrow \text{BaSO}_4\text{(s)} + 2\text{NaCl(aq)}

2. Sodium hydroxide solution and hydrochloric acid solution

NaOH(aq)+HCl(aq)→NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)\text{NaOH(aq)} + \text{HCl(aq)} \rightarrow \text{NaCl(aq)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)}

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# Q U E S T I O N S

1A solution of a substance 'X' is used for whitewashing.
(i) Name the substance 'X' and write its formula.
(ii) Write the reaction of the substance 'X' named in (i) above with water.Show solution
(i) The substance is calcium oxide or quick lime; formula: CaO.

(ii) Its reaction with water is:

CaO(s)+H2O(l)→Ca(OH)2(aq)+heat\text{CaO(s)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)} \rightarrow \text{Ca(OH)}_2\text{(aq)} + \text{heat}

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2Why is the amount of gas collected in one of the test tubes in Activity 1.7 double of the amount collected in the other? Name this gas.Show solution
In electrolysis of water, water decomposes as:

2H2O→2H2+O22\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{H}_2 + \text{O}_2

So hydrogen and oxygen are produced in the ratio 2:1. Therefore, one test tube collects double the amount of the other. The gas collected in lesser amount is oxygen.

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# Q U E S T I O N S

1Why does the colour of copper sulphate solution change when an iron nail is dipped in it?Show solution
Iron is more reactive than copper, so it displaces copper from copper sulphate solution:

Fe(s)+CuSO4(aq)→FeSO4(aq)+Cu(s)\text{Fe(s)} + \text{CuSO}_4\text{(aq)} \rightarrow \text{FeSO}_4\text{(aq)} + \text{Cu(s)}

The blue colour fades because copper sulphate changes into pale green iron sulphate.

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2Give an example of a double displacement reaction other than the one given in Activity 1.10.Show solution
An example given in the chapter is the reaction of sodium sulphate with barium chloride:

Na2SO4(aq)+BaCl2(aq)→BaSO4(s)+2NaCl(aq)\text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4\text{(aq)} + \text{BaCl}_2\text{(aq)} \rightarrow \text{BaSO}_4\text{(s)} + 2\text{NaCl(aq)}

It is a double displacement reaction and also a precipitation reaction.

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3Identify the substances that are oxidised and the substances that are reduced in the following reactions.
(i) 4Na(s) + O₂(g) → 2Na₂O(s)
(ii) CuO(s) + H₂(g) → Cu(s) + H₂O(l)Show solution
(i) In

4Na(s)+O2(g)→2Na2O(s)4\text{Na(s)} + \text{O}_2\text{(g)} \rightarrow 2\text{Na}_2\text{O(s)}

- Sodium is oxidised because it gains oxygen.
- Oxygen is reduced because it combines with sodium to form oxide.

(ii) In

CuO(s)+H2(g)→Cu(s)+H2O(l)\text{CuO(s)} + \text{H}_2\text{(g)} \rightarrow \text{Cu(s)} + \text{H}_2\text{O(l)}

- Hydrogen is oxidised because it gains oxygen.
- Copper(II) oxide (CuO) is reduced because it loses oxygen and becomes copper.

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EXERCISES

1Which of the statements about the reaction below are incorrect?Show solution
For the reaction

2PbO(s)+C(s)→2Pb(s)+CO2(g)2\text{PbO(s)} + \text{C(s)} \rightarrow 2\text{Pb(s)} + \text{CO}_2\text{(g)}

- Lead oxide is reduced to lead, so (d) is correct. - Lead is getting reduced is incorrect, because lead is the product formed after reduction of lead oxide. - Carbon is getting oxidised is correct. - Carbon dioxide is getting oxidised is incorrect; carbon dioxide is the product, not the substance oxidised. So the incorrect statements are (a) and (b) only, which corresponds to option (i).

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2The above reaction is an example of aShow solution
In

Fe2O3+2Al→Al2O3+2Fe\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3 + 2\text{Al} \rightarrow \text{Al}_2\text{O}_3 + 2\text{Fe}

aluminium displaces iron from iron oxide. Therefore, it is a displacement reaction.

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3What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to iron fillings? Tick the correct answer.Show solution
Iron reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce iron chloride and hydrogen gas:

Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2\text{Fe} + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow \text{FeCl}_2 + \text{H}_2

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4What is a balanced chemical equation? Why should chemical equations be balanced?Show solution
A balanced chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on the reactant side and the product side.

Chemical equations should be balanced because of the law of conservation of mass: mass can neither be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. So the atoms of each element must remain equal on both sides.

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5Translate the following statements into chemical equations and then balance them.Show solution
(a) Hydrogen gas combines with nitrogen to form ammonia

N2+3H2→2NH3\text{N}_2 + 3\text{H}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{NH}_3

(b) Hydrogen sulphide burns in air to give water and sulphur dioxide

2H2S+3O2→2H2O+2SO22\text{H}_2\text{S} + 3\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 2\text{H}_2\text{O} + 2\text{SO}_2

(c) Barium chloride reacts with aluminium sulphate to give aluminium chloride and barium sulphate

3BaCl2+Al2(SO4)3→2AlCl3+3BaSO43\text{BaCl}_2 + \text{Al}_2(\text{SO}_4)_3 \rightarrow 2\text{AlCl}_3 + 3\text{BaSO}_4

(d) Potassium metal reacts with water to give potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas

2K+2H2O→2KOH+H22\text{K} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{KOH} + \text{H}_2

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6Balance the following chemical equations.Show solution
(a)

2HNO3+Ca(OH)2→Ca(NO3)2+2H2O2\text{HNO}_3 + \text{Ca(OH)}_2 \rightarrow \text{Ca(NO}_3)_2 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}

(b)

2NaOH+H2SO4→Na2SO4+2H2O2\text{NaOH} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O}

(c)

NaCl+AgNO3→AgCl+NaNO3\text{NaCl} + \text{AgNO}_3 \rightarrow \text{AgCl} + \text{NaNO}_3

(d)

BaCl2+H2SO4→BaSO4+2HCl\text{BaCl}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow \text{BaSO}_4 + 2\text{HCl}

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7Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions.
8Write the balanced chemical equation for the following and identify the type of reaction in each case.
9What does one mean by exothermic and endothermic reactions? Give examples.
10Why is respiration considered an exothermic reaction? Explain.
11Why are decomposition reactions called the opposite of combination reactions? Write equations for these reactions.
12Write one equation each for decomposition reactions where energy is supplied in the form of heat, light or electricity.
13What is the difference between displacement and double displacement reactions? Write equations for these reactions.
14In the refining of silver, the recovery of silver from silver nitrate solution involved displacement by copper metal. Write down the reaction involved.
15What do you mean by a precipitation reaction? Explain by giving examples.
16Explain the following in terms of gain or loss of oxygen with two examples each.
(a) Oxidation
(b) Reduction
17A shiny brown coloured element 'X' on heating in air becomes black in colour. Name the element 'X' and the black coloured compound formed.
18Why do we apply paint on iron articles?
19Oil and fat containing food items are flushed with nitrogen. Why?
20Explain the following terms with one example each.
(a) Corrosion
(b) Rancidity

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Chemical Reaction and Equations for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Science?
Key topics in Chemical Reaction and Equations include Chemical Reactions and Equations - Complete Concept Map, Chemical Reactions and Equations - Complete Overview, Chemical Reactions and Equations Overview. These are the concepts Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Chemical Reaction and Equations — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Science?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 68 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.
Where can I get free NCERT Solutions for Chemical Reaction and Equations Class 10 Science?
This page has free step-by-step NCERT Solutions for every exercise question in Chemical Reaction and Equations (Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Science) — written the way examiners award marks: given, formula, working, answer.

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