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NCERT Solutions

Life Processes

Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 10 · Science

NCERT Solutions for Life Processes — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Science.

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A labeled diagram of the human excretory system, showing the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, along with major associated blood vessels (aorta, vena cava).
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34 Questions Solved · 6 Sections

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QUESTIONS

1Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multi-cellular organisms like humans?Show solution
Diffusion is too slow to meet the oxygen needs of large multicellular organisms like humans because many cells are not in direct contact with the environment. In such organisms, oxygen has to reach all cells quickly, but simple diffusion over long distances cannot do this efficiently. Also, the body surface is not enough for all cells, so a transport system is needed.

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2What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?Show solution
We decide something is alive by looking for life processes and movement. Visible movement, growth, breathing, and especially molecular movement are taken as signs of life. A living thing maintains its structure by carrying out processes like nutrition, respiration, transport, and excretion.

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3What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?Show solution
Outside raw materials are used to provide energy and materials for growth and repair. Food supplies energy for maintenance processes, and additional raw materials from outside are needed to build body substance and make new tissues.

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4What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?Show solution
The essential processes for maintaining life are nutrition, respiration, transport of materials, and excretion. These processes keep the body supplied with energy and materials and remove harmful wastes.

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QUESTIONS

1What are the differences between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?Show solution
Autotrophic nutrition: organisms make their own food from simple inorganic substances like carbon dioxide and water using sunlight and chlorophyll. Examples: green plants and some bacteria.

Heterotrophic nutrition: organisms depend on other organisms for food and take in complex substances that must be broken down into simpler ones. Examples: animals and fungi.

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2Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?Show solution
Plants get the raw materials for photosynthesis as follows:
- Carbon dioxide from the air through stomata.
- Water from the soil through the roots.
- Sunlight from the Sun.
- Chlorophyll is present in the chloroplasts of leaf cells.

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3What is the role of the acid in our stomach?Show solution
The acid in the stomach, hydrochloric acid, creates an acidic medium which helps the enzyme pepsin work. It also helps in digestion by making conditions suitable for gastric juice to act.

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4What is the function of digestive enzymes?Show solution
Digestive enzymes break down complex food molecules into simpler molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body. For example, salivary amylase breaks starch into simple sugars.

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5How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?Show solution
The small intestine is designed for absorption by having a long, coiled structure and an inner lining with many villi. Villi greatly increase the surface area for absorption and contain many blood vessels to carry absorbed food away.

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QUESTIONS

1What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?Show solution
A terrestrial organism has an advantage because it can obtain oxygen from the air, where oxygen is much more abundant than in water. So it can breathe more easily than an aquatic organism, which has to use the dissolved oxygen in water that is comparatively less.

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2What are the different ways in which glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms?Show solution
Glucose is oxidised in different ways:
- Aerobic respiration: in the presence of oxygen, glucose is broken down completely to carbon dioxide and water with release of a large amount of energy.
- Anaerobic respiration: in the absence of oxygen, glucose is broken down incompletely; in yeast it forms ethanol and carbon dioxide, and in muscles it may form lactic acid.

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3How is oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?Show solution
In human beings, oxygen is carried mainly by haemoglobin in red blood corpuscles. Carbon dioxide is transported mostly in the dissolved form in blood. Blood also carries these gases through the circulatory system.

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4How are the lungs designed in human beings to maximise the area for exchange of gases?Show solution
The lungs have a large number of alveoli, which provide a very large surface area for gas exchange. Their walls are thin and have an extensive network of blood vessels, so oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse quickly.

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QUESTIONS

1What are the components of the transport system in human beings? What are the functions of these components?Show solution
The transport system in human beings consists of blood, blood vessels, and the heart.
- Heart: pumps blood.
- Blood vessels: arteries carry blood away from the heart, veins bring blood back, and capillaries allow exchange with tissues.
- Blood: transports oxygen, food, carbon dioxide, salts, and wastes.

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2Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?Show solution
It is necessary because mammals and birds have high energy needs and must maintain a constant body temperature. Separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood prevents mixing and ensures a highly efficient supply of oxygen to the body.

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3What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?Show solution
The transport system in highly organised plants consists of xylem and phloem.
- Xylem transports water and minerals.
- Phloem transports food and other substances like amino acids.

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4How are water and minerals transported in plants?Show solution
Water and minerals are transported in plants through the xylem. Root cells actively take up ions, water enters the roots from the soil, and then the transpiration pull and root pressure help move the water upward through xylem vessels and tracheids.

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5How is food transported in plants?

QUESTIONS

1Describe the structure and functioning of nephrons.
2What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?
3How is the amount of urine produced regulated?

EXERCISES

1The kidneys in human beings are a part of the system for
2The xylem in plants are responsible for
3The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires
4The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water and energy takes place in
5How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
6What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
7What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition and what are its by-products?
8What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration? Name some organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration.
9How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
10What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?
11Describe double circulation of blood in human beings. Why is it necessary?
12What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
13Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Life Processes for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Science?
Key topics in Life Processes include Life Processes Overview, Life Processes Overview, Life Processes Overview. These are the concepts Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Life Processes — Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Science?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 70 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.
Where can I get free NCERT Solutions for Life Processes Class 10 Science?
This page has free step-by-step NCERT Solutions for every exercise question in Life Processes (Madhya Pradesh Board Class 10 Science) — written the way examiners award marks: given, formula, working, answer.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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