Water Resources
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Geography
Summary of Water Resources for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Geography. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Water is a cyclic resource with abundant global supply, yet usable freshwater is limited and unevenly distributed. Freshwater forms only about 3 per cent of total water, and India has only a small share of the world’s surface area but a much larger share of its population. This creates pressure on a
Key Concepts
About 71 per cent of
About 71 per cent of the earth’s surface is covered with water, but freshwater constitutes only about 3 per cent of total water. India accounts for ab
Rivers
Rivers, lakes, ponds, and tanks are major sources of surface water. India has about 10,360 rivers and tributaries longer than 1.6 km each. Although th
The Ganga
The Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Barak rivers together account for only about one-third of the total area but hold 60 per cent of the total surface water r
The total replenishable groundwater resources
The total replenishable groundwater resources in India are about 432 cubic km. Groundwater utilisation is very high in Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and
Agriculture dominates water use
Agriculture dominates water use, accounting for 89 per cent of surface water utilisation and 92 per cent of groundwater utilisation. Industry uses onl
Learning Objectives
- Understand the distribution and availability of water resources in India.
- Explain the difference between surface water and groundwater resources.
- Identify the major patterns of water use across agriculture, industry, and domestic needs.
- Recognise causes of water scarcity, depletion, and pollution.
- Study major conservation and management methods such as watershed development, rainwater harvesting, reuse, and recycling.
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