Ancient India

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The Harappan civilization is the first known urban culture in India. It flourished around 2700 BC in the north western Indian subcontinent and had well-planned cities with roads, drainage, sanitation,…

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Most Harappan sites developed on the banks of the Indus, Ghaggar, and their tributaries. This river-based settlement helped farming, trade, and city life.

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The Harappans used a script on many seals, but it has not yet been deciphered. Because of this, knowledge of Harappan life comes mainly from archaeological evidence such as tools, seals, pottery, and …

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The bronze sculpture of a dancing girl found at Mohenjodaro shows their sculptural skill and aesthetic sense. Harappan seals, figurines, and crafted objects also show high artistic ability.

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Lothal was a dockyard site in Dholaka Taluk of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. It was a well-planned walled city and an important centre of sea trade with the western world.

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Harappan seals show the one-horned rhinoceros, peepal leaves, and a male god. This suggests worship of plants, animals, nature forces, and possibly a male deity resembling Shiva. The seals also sugges…

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The Harappan civilization began declining by 1800 BC. The exact reasons are not known.

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The Aryans or Vedic people settled on the banks of the Indus and Saraswati rivers. They composed hymns that were later compiled into the four Vedas, and their culture is called Vedic Culture.