Childhood — Syllabus
NIOS · Class 10 · Psychology
What Childhood covers in NIOS Class 10 Psychology: 4 topics, for the 2026-27 session. Part of the NIOS Class 10 Psychology syllabus.
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Topics in Childhood
1. Stages of Childhood
- Childhood is classified into four sub-stages: infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence.
- Infancy lasts from birth to 2 years and is marked by extremely rapid physical growth and sensori-motor skill development.
- Early childhood lasts from 2 to 6 years and is also called the preschool stage.
2. Physical and Motor Development
- Physical growth is rapid in infancy and slower in childhood.
- Body size, height, and weight increase along with changes in muscular and skeletal structure.
- Gross motor development means control over large muscle groups such as crawling, standing, and walking.
3. Motor Milestones and Early Childhood Skills
- At 3 years, a child's spoken vocabulary is approximately 900 words.
- By 6 years, spoken vocabulary expands to 8,000-14,000 words.
- A 3-year-old can persist on a task for 15-20 minutes.
4. Cognitive Development in Childhood
- Cognitive development includes changes in attention, perception, language, thinking, memory, and reasoning.
- Piaget's cognitive developmental theory has four stages: sensori-motor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
- The sensori-motor stage lasts from birth to 2 years.
Key Concepts
Central concept: Childhood in psychology as a stage of growth and development from infancy to adolescence
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