Childhood

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Childhood is classified into four sub-stages: infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence. Infancy lasts from birth to 2 years, early childhood from 2 to 6 years, middle childhood from…

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Infancy is the sub-stage from birth to 2 years. It is marked by extremely rapid physical growth and sensori-motor skill development. It also lays the foundation for later cognitive, language, and soci…

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Gross motor development means control over large muscle groups and the whole body. It helps the child move around. Examples are crawling, standing, walking, running, and climbing stairs.

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Fine motor development means control over smaller muscle movements, especially hands and fingers. It is needed for precise actions. Examples are grasping, pinching, holding a pencil, buttoning clothes…

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Physical and motor development gives the base for personality, social, and emotional development. It also helps in emotional bonding between the child and caregiver and helps the child gain control ov…

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Physical growth becomes more gradual in middle childhood until puberty. Around 11 to 13 years, a rapid growth spurt occurs. During this period, children gain height, weight, muscular strength, and swi…

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Girls are slightly shorter than boys during 6 to 8 years, and then the trend reverses. Boys' growth spurt occurs later than girls'.

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Piaget’s cognitive developmental theory explains that thinking and reasoning develop in a fixed sequence of four stages: sensori-motor, pre-operational, concrete operational, and formal operational. E…