Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers

Alcohols are classified as primary (1°)

Alcohols are classified as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°) based on the carbon to which the -OH group is attached. Primary alcohols hav

IUPAC naming follows

IUPAC naming follows: Prefix (substituents) + Root word (longest carbon chain) + Primary suffix (saturation) + Secondary suffix (-ol). The carbon chai

The

The -OH group in alcohols is attached to an sp³ hybridized carbon. The oxygen is also sp³ hybridized, with one C-O σ bond, one O-H σ bond, and two lon

Five major methods exist

Five major methods exist: (1) Nucleophilic substitution of alkyl halides with dilute aqueous NaOH - primary halides undergo SN2, tertiary undergo SN1;

Alcohols are weak nucleophiles because OH⁻

Alcohols are weak nucleophiles because OH⁻ is a strong base (poor leaving group). Protonation converts -OH to -OH₂⁺ (good leaving group). For primary