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Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers

Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Chemistry

Flashcards for Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers — Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Chemistry. Quick Q&A cards covering key concepts, definitions, and formulas.

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A step-by-step mechanism showing the E1 dehydration of a secondary alcohol (e.g., propan-2-ol) to an alkene, including protonation, loss of water to form a carbocation, and deprotonation.
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37 Flashcards
Card 1Alcohol Structure and Bonding

What is the structure of the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) in alcohols? Describe the bonding and geometry.

Answer

The -OH group in alcohols is attached to an sp³ hybridized carbon. The oxygen is also sp³ hybridized with two lone pairs. One sp³ orbital of oxygen overlaps with sp³ orbital of carbon to form C-O σ bo…

Card 2Classification of Alcohols

Classify the following alcohols as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°): (i) CH₃-CH₂-CH(OH)CH₂-C(CH₃)₂ (ii) (C₂H₅)₃COH (iii) CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-OH

Answer

(i) CH₃-CH₂-CH(OH)CH₂-C(CH₃)₂ = Secondary alcohol (2°). The OH group is attached to a carbon with two alkyl groups. (ii) (C₂H₅)₃COH = Tertiary alcohol (3°). The OH group is attached to a carbon with t…

Card 3IUPAC Nomenclature of Alcohols

Give the IUPAC name for: CH₃-CH(OH)-CH₂-CH₃

Answer

IUPAC Name: Butan-2-ol Steps: (1) Identify longest chain containing -OH: 4 carbons = butane. (2) Number from the end closest to -OH: OH is at position 2. (3) Apply IUPAC rules: but(root for 4 carbons)…

Card 4Elimination Reactions of Alcohols

What happens when ethanol is heated with concentrated H₂SO₄ at 443K? Write the balanced equation and name the mechanism.

Answer

Reaction: CH₃-CH₂-OH → (conc. H₂SO₄, 443K) → CH₂=CH₂ + H₂O Balanced equation: C₂H₅OH(l) → C₂H₄(g) + H₂O(l) This is an elimination reaction (dehydration). Mechanism: E1 for tertiary alcohols (two-step:…

Card 5Hydration of Alkenes (Markovnikov's Rule)

Write the mechanism for formation of 2-methylprop-2-ol from 2-methylpropene with H₂SO₄ and water. Identify the type of addition reaction.

Answer

Reaction: (CH₃)₂C=CH₂ + H₂O → (conc. H₂SO₄) → (CH₃)₃COH Mechanism (Markovnikov addition): Step 1: Protonation of π electrons by H⁺ to form carbocation intermediate: (CH₃)₂C⁺-CH₃ (tertiary, most stable…

Card 6Grignard Reagent Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds

A Grignard reagent is treated with formaldehyde followed by acid hydrolysis. What type of alcohol is formed? Give an example reaction.

Answer

A primary alcohol (1°) is formed. Example: CH₃-MgBr + HCHO (formaldehyde) → CH₃-CH₂-O-MgBr (in dry ether). After acid hydrolysis (with dilute HCl): CH₃-CH₂-OH (ethanol, primary alcohol). The reaction …

Card 7Stoichiometry - Alcohols with Metals

Calculate the number of moles of H₂ gas liberated when 3.2g of ethanol reacts with sodium metal. (Molar mass of ethanol = 46 g/mol, Molar mass of H₂ = 2 g/mol)

Answer

Reaction: 2C₂H₅OH + 2Na → 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂↑ Step 1: Calculate moles of ethanol: n = mass/molar mass = 3.2/46 = 0.0696 mol Step 2: From stoichiometry, 2 moles of ethanol produce 1 mole of H₂ Step 3: Moles…

Card 8Differentiation Tests for Alcohols

What is the Lucas test? Explain how it differentiates between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.

Answer

Lucas test uses Lucas reagent (concentrated HCl + anhydrous ZnCl₂). The reaction follows nucleophilic substitution mechanism forming alkyl chloride (insoluble, causes turbidity). Results: (1) Tertiary…

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What are the important topics in Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers for Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers include Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers - Comprehensive Overview, Classification and Properties of Alcohols and Phenols, Mind map showing classification of alcohols based on hydroxyl group attachment and substituent pattern.. These are the concepts Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 examiners draw on most — study them first, then practise related questions.
How to score full marks in Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers — Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Chemistry?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 45 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.
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There are 37 flashcards for Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers covering key definitions, formulas, and concepts. Use them daily for 10–15 minutes for best results.

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