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Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers — Flashcards

Tamil Nadu Board · Class 12 · Chemistry

37 flashcards for Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers (Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.

45 questions37 flashcards3 formulas & key relations5 concepts

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A step-by-step mechanism showing the E1 dehydration of a secondary alcohol (e.g., propan-2-ol) to an alkene, including protonation, loss of water to form a carbocation, and deprotonation.
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37 Flashcards·
Alcohol Structure and BondingClassification of AlcoholsIUPAC Nomenclature of AlcoholsElimination Reactions of AlcoholsHydration of Alkenes (Markovnikov's Rule)Grignard Reagent Reactions with Carbonyl CompoundsStoichiometry - Alcohols with MetalsDifferentiation Tests for Alcohols
Card 1Alcohol Structure and Bonding

What is the structure of the hydroxyl functional group (-OH) in alcohols? Describe the bonding and geometry.

Answer

The -OH group in alcohols is attached to an sp³ hybridized carbon. The oxygen is also sp³ hybridized with two lone pairs. One sp³ orbital of oxygen overlaps with sp³ orbital of carbon to form C-O σ bo…

Card 2Classification of Alcohols

Classify the following alcohols as primary (1°), secondary (2°), or tertiary (3°): (i) CH₃-CH₂-CH(OH)CH₂-C(CH₃)₂ (ii) (C₂H₅)₃COH (iii) CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-OH

Answer

(i) CH₃-CH₂-CH(OH)CH₂-C(CH₃)₂ = Secondary alcohol (2°). The OH group is attached to a carbon with two alkyl groups. (ii) (C₂H₅)₃COH = Tertiary alcohol (3°). The OH group is attached to a carbon with t…

Card 3IUPAC Nomenclature of Alcohols

Give the IUPAC name for: CH₃-CH(OH)-CH₂-CH₃

Answer

IUPAC Name: Butan-2-ol Steps: (1) Identify longest chain containing -OH: 4 carbons = butane. (2) Number from the end closest to -OH: OH is at position 2. (3) Apply IUPAC rules: but(root for 4 carbons)…

Card 4Elimination Reactions of Alcohols

What happens when ethanol is heated with concentrated H₂SO₄ at 443K? Write the balanced equation and name the mechanism.

Answer

Reaction: CH₃-CH₂-OH → (conc. H₂SO₄, 443K) → CH₂=CH₂ + H₂O Balanced equation: C₂H₅OH(l) → C₂H₄(g) + H₂O(l) This is an elimination reaction (dehydration). Mechanism: E1 for tertiary alcohols (two-step:…

Card 5Hydration of Alkenes (Markovnikov's Rule)

Write the mechanism for formation of 2-methylprop-2-ol from 2-methylpropene with H₂SO₄ and water. Identify the type of addition reaction.

Answer

Reaction: (CH₃)₂C=CH₂ + H₂O → (conc. H₂SO₄) → (CH₃)₃COH Mechanism (Markovnikov addition): Step 1: Protonation of π electrons by H⁺ to form carbocation intermediate: (CH₃)₂C⁺-CH₃ (tertiary, most stable…

Card 6Grignard Reagent Reactions with Carbonyl Compounds

A Grignard reagent is treated with formaldehyde followed by acid hydrolysis. What type of alcohol is formed? Give an example reaction.

Answer

A primary alcohol (1°) is formed. Example: CH₃-MgBr + HCHO (formaldehyde) → CH₃-CH₂-O-MgBr (in dry ether). After acid hydrolysis (with dilute HCl): CH₃-CH₂-OH (ethanol, primary alcohol). The reaction …

Card 7Stoichiometry - Alcohols with Metals

Calculate the number of moles of H₂ gas liberated when 3.2g of ethanol reacts with sodium metal. (Molar mass of ethanol = 46 g/mol, Molar mass of H₂ = 2 g/mol)

Answer

Reaction: 2C₂H₅OH + 2Na → 2C₂H₅ONa + H₂↑ Step 1: Calculate moles of ethanol: n = mass/molar mass = 3.2/46 = 0.0696 mol Step 2: From stoichiometry, 2 moles of ethanol produce 1 mole of H₂ Step 3: Moles…

Card 8Differentiation Tests for Alcohols

What is the Lucas test? Explain how it differentiates between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols.

Answer

Lucas test uses Lucas reagent (concentrated HCl + anhydrous ZnCl₂). The reaction follows nucleophilic substitution mechanism forming alkyl chloride (insoluble, causes turbidity). Results: (1) Tertiary…

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Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers for Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 Chemistry?
Key topics in Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers include Classification and Nomenclature of Alcohols, Preparation of Alcohols, Physical Properties of Alcohols, Chemical Properties - Nucleophilic Substitution of Alcohols. Study these first, then practise questions on each for the Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 board exam.
How many flashcards are available for Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers?
There are 37 flashcards for Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers covering key definitions, facts and ideas. A few sample cards are shown on this page.
How should I revise Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers for the Tamil Nadu Board Class 12 board exam?
Learn the core ideas first, then work through the 45 practice questions on Hydroxy Compounds and Ethers. Revise definitions regularly and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

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