Introduction to Print Media
Telangana Open School (TOSS) · Class 12 · Mass Communication
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Key Topics to Revise
Forms and Functions of Print Media
- Print media includes newspapers, magazines, journals, and periodicals.
- Newspapers are the most common form of print media and are published daily or weekly.
- People read newspapers for news, entertainment, and information such as movie schedules, train timings, and advertisements.
History of Printing and Early Newspapers
- The Chinese were the first to develop printing using wooden blocks during the Tang Dynasty (600 AD).
- The oldest known printed work is a Buddhist scripture from 684 AD.
- The first printed book was the 'Diamond Sutra' in 868 AD.
Evolution of Newspapers in India
- The first newspaper in India was the 'Bengal Gazette', also known as 'Hickey’s Gazette', launched by James Augustus Hickey on January 29, 1780 in Calcutta.
- It was critical of British officials, leading to Hickey's arrest and the press being confiscated in 1782.
- Calcutta holds historical importance as the birthplace of Indian print media — first four newspapers were published there.
Role of Print Media in Freedom Movement and Social Reform
- In the 19th century, newspapers played a major role in social reforms like ending sati and promoting widow remarriage.
- Raja Ram Mohan Roy edited 'Mirat-ul-Akhbar', a Persian weekly, advocating for press freedom.
- Mahatma Gandhi used print media as a tool for mass awareness — he edited 'Young India' and 'Navjeevan'.
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