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Insolation and Temperature

ICSE · Class 11 · Geography

Quick revision notes for Insolation and Temperature — ICSE Class 11 Geography. Key concepts, formulas, and definitions for last-minute revision.

65 questions40 flashcards5 concepts

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Key Topics to Revise

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1. Solar Radiation and Insolation

  • The Sun is an extremely hot gaseous spherical mass with a surface temperature of 6000°C.
  • The Earth is about 150 million km from the Sun, so it receives only a very small part of the Sun's total radiation.
  • Only one in two billion parts of solar radiation reaches the Earth.
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2. Heat Budget of the Earth

  • The Earth's average temperature remains more or less constant because incoming solar radiation is balanced by outgoing terrestrial radiation.
  • If 100 units of solar radiation are received at the top of the atmosphere, 51 units reach the Earth and 49 units are reflected back.
  • Of the 49 reflected units, 6 units are scattered into space, 27 units are reflected from clouds, and 2 units from snow and ice.
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3. Factors Controlling Insolation

  • The inclination of the Sun's rays controls how much insolation is received at a place.
  • Vertical rays heat a smaller area, so insolation per unit area is greater than with inclined rays.
  • At 30° inclination, the Sun's rays provide nearly half the insolation compared with vertical rays.
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4. Heating and Cooling of the Atmosphere

  • Air is heated by radiation, conduction, convection, and advection.
  • The atmosphere is heated mainly from the ground up.
  • Short-wave solar radiation reaches the Earth's surface with little heating of the atmosphere.

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Full Notes

Key Concepts

The Sun is an extremely hotRadiant energy from the SunOf 100 units of solar radiationUp to 38° north and southInsolation depends on the inclination

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the important topics in Insolation and Temperature for ICSE Class 11 Geography?
Insolation and Temperature covers several key topics that are frequently asked in ICSE Class 11 board exams. Focus on the core concepts listed on this page and practise related questions to build confidence.
How to score full marks in Insolation and Temperature — ICSE Class 11 Geography?
Understand the core concepts first, then work through the 65 practice questions available for this chapter. Revise formulas and definitions regularly, and use flashcards for quick recall before the exam.

Sources & Official References

Content is aligned to the official syllabus. Refer to the board website for the latest curriculum.

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