Haloalkanes and Haloarenes — Flashcards
ICSE · Class 12 · Chemistry
38 flashcards for Haloalkanes and Haloarenes (ICSE Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What are haloalkanes and what is their general formula?
Answer
Haloalkanes are the monohalogen derivatives of alkanes. Their general formula is C_nH_(2n+1)X, where X = F, Cl, Br, or I. Example: CH3Cl is chloromethane.
How are haloalkanes classified on the basis of the carbon atom attached to halogen?
Answer
Haloalkanes are classified as 1°, 2°, and 3° alkyl halides. In a primary halide, the carbon bearing halogen is linked with 2 or 3 H atoms. In a secondary halide, it is linked with one H atom. In a ter…
What is the difference between haloarenes and aralkyl halides?
Answer
Haloarenes have the halogen directly bonded to the aromatic ring carbon, so they are aryl halides. Aralkyl halides have the halogen in the side chain attached to the ring, such as benzyl chloride.
How are haloalkanes classified according to the hybridisation of the carbon attached to halogen?
Answer
Compounds containing C(sp3)-X bond include haloalkanes, allylic halides, and benzylic halides. Compounds containing C(sp2)-X bond include vinylic halides and aryl halides. Compounds containing C(sp)-X…
Why are 1°, 2°, and 3° alkyl halides so important in reactions?
Answer
The class of alkyl halide affects reactivity. 1° halides normally undergo SN2 reactions, 3° halides undergo SN1 reactions, and 2° halides can follow both. This difference is due to steric hindrance an…
How are haloalkanes prepared from alkanes by chlorination?
Answer
Alkanes react with chlorine in sunlight or heat to give a mixture of products. CH4 + Cl2 (sunlight/heat) -> CH3Cl + CH2Cl2 + CHCl3 + CCl4 This is a free radical substitution reaction and often gives a…
Why is iodination of alkanes reversible?
Answer
Iodination is reversible because HI formed in the reaction is a strong reducing agent and reduces the alkyl iodide back to alkane. The forward reaction is pushed by oxidising agents such as concentrat…
How do haloalkanes form from alkenes by addition of halogen acids?
Answer
Alkenes add halogen acids to form haloalkanes. Example: CH2=CH2 + HBr -> CH3CH2Br For unsymmetrical alkenes, the addition usually follows Markownikoff's rule, where the negative part goes to the carbo…
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