The Modern Age in El)rope (C) Industrial Revolution

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The Industrial Revolution refers to changes in industry during the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. It marked a shift from handwork to machine work and from the …

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It was not sudden and not violent. There was no bloodshed and no loss to life and property. It brought major changes in industry, society, and economy without war or uprising.

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It changed production from handmade goods to machine-made goods, from small-scale production to large-scale production, and from domestic production to factory production.

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John Key, a weaver of Lancashire, invented the Flying Shuttle. It increased the speed of weaving and made it possible to weave broad cloth with only one person.

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The Spinning Jenny was invented by James Hargreaves. It could spin eight threads at a time instead of one thread of the old-fashioned spinning wheel. It increased yarn production, though the yarn was …

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Richard Arkwright invented the Water Frame. It produced harder and stronger yarn than the Spinning Jenny and was run by water power. It helped usher in the factory system.

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James Watt invented the steam engine. Steam became an important source of power and greatly facilitated industrial growth, especially in transport and manufacturing.

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George Stephenson designed his first locomotive engine, which was used for hauling coal in the Killingworth colliery. It brought about a revolution in transport.