The Modern Age in Europe (A) Renaissance

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Renaissance means rebirth or revival. It refers to a new growth of learning, art, science, and free thinking in Europe after the medieval period.

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The Renaissance began in the 14th century in Italy and continued into the 17th century. Italy became the first centre of this new movement because of its rich Roman past, wealth from trade, and contac…

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Constantinople was a centre of Greek and Roman culture and had many valuable manuscripts. When it fell to the Turks in 1453, many Greek and Roman scholars moved to Rome and other parts of Europe with …

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Feudalism was a system in which society was organised around land and service, with kings, lords, knights, and peasants tied by obligations. Its decline reduced strict control over people, increased f…

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After the old trade routes were closed, Europeans searched for sea routes to Asia and other lands. This led to discoveries such as a sea route to Africa, the Cape of Good Hope, America, India, and a v…

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These were explorers connected with new sea routes. Prince Henry the Navigator discovered a sea route to Africa. Bartholomew Diaz reached the Cape of Good Hope. Columbus discovered America in 1492. Va…

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The spirit of enquiry means asking questions, observing carefully, and using reason instead of accepting ideas blindly. Renaissance thinkers encouraged people to ask why and how things happen, rather …

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Roger Bacon, Abelard, and Thomas Aquinas are called the forerunners of the Renaissance. They promoted reasoning and helped weaken blind faith by encouraging independent thinking.