Introduction to Polymer Chemistry — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
22 flashcards for Introduction to Polymer Chemistry (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What are polymers? Define the term and explain its origin.
Answer
Polymers are high molecular mass macromolecules (10³ - 10⁷ u) made from repeating units derived from small molecules called monomers. The term 'polymer' comes from Greek words 'poly' (many) and 'mer' …
Classify polymers based on their source or origin with examples.
Answer
Based on source: 1) Natural polymers - from natural sources (cotton, wool, silk, rubber) 2) Synthetic polymers - man-made (nylon, terylene, polythene) 3) Semisynthetic polymers - derived from natural …
What is addition polymerization? Write the mechanism for polyethylene formation.
Answer
Addition polymerization is formation of polymers by addition of monomers without loss of small molecules. Mechanism: 1) Chain initiation: R• + CH₂=CH₂ → R-CH₂-CH₂• 2) Chain propagation: R-CH₂-CH₂• + n…
What is condensation polymerization? Give the reaction for nylon 6,6 formation.
Answer
Condensation polymerization is formation of polymers with elimination of small molecules like H₂O, HCl. Example: nHOOC-(CH₂)₄-COOH + nH₂N-(CH₂)₆-NH₂ → [−OC-(CH₂)₄-CO-NH-(CH₂)₆-NH−]ₙ + nH₂O (adipic aci…
Distinguish between thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers with examples.
Answer
Thermoplastic: Can be repeatedly softened on heating and hardened on cooling. Moderate intermolecular forces. Examples: polythene, PVC. Thermosetting: Rigid, cannot be resoftened once set. Extensive c…
What is vulcanization of rubber? Why is it done?
Answer
Vulcanization is the process of introducing cross-links into natural rubber using sulfur at 150°C. Purpose: To improve tensile strength, elasticity, and durability. Cross-linking occurs by opening dou…
Compare LDP and HDP polyethylene in terms of preparation, structure, and properties.
Answer
LDP: High pressure (1000-2000 atm), 350-570K, branched structure, flexible, low density. HDP: Low pressure (6-7 atm), 333-343K, Ziegler-Natta catalyst, linear structure, rigid, high density, higher me…
Write the structure and properties of Teflon (PTFE).
Answer
Structure: [−CF₂−CF₂−]ₙ (polytetrafluoroethylene). Monomer: CF₂=CF₂ (tetrafluoroethylene). Properties: Chemically inert, heat resistant, non-stick due to strong C-F bonds. Uses: Non-stick cookware, ga…
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