Transition and Inner transition Elements — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
22 flashcards for Transition and Inner transition Elements (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts.
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What is the IUPAC definition of a transition element? Why are Zn, Cd, and Hg not considered transition elements?
Answer
According to IUPAC, a transition element has an incomplete d-subshell in its atom or gives cations with incomplete d-subshells. Zn (3d¹⁰4s²), Cd (4d¹⁰5s²), and Hg (5d¹⁰6s²) have completely filled d-or…
Write the electronic configuration of Chromium (Cr, Z=24) and Copper (Cu, Z=29). Explain why they differ from expected configurations.
Answer
Cr: [Ar]3d⁵4s¹ (expected: [Ar]3d⁴4s²) Cu: [Ar]3d¹⁰4s¹ (expected: [Ar]3d⁹4s²) This occurs because half-filled (3d⁵) and completely filled (3d¹⁰) subshells provide extra stability. The 3d and 4s orbital…
Which first transition series element shows the maximum number of oxidation states and why?
Answer
Manganese (Mn) shows the maximum oxidation states from +2 to +7. This is because Mn has 5 unpaired electrons in its 3d orbital ([Ar]3d⁵4s²), allowing progressive loss of electrons from both 4s and 3d …
Calculate the spin-only magnetic moment for Fe²⁺ ion. Show the electronic configuration and unpaired electrons.
Answer
Fe²⁺: [Ar]3d⁶ (loses 2 electrons from 4s orbital) Electronic arrangement: ↑↓ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ (4 unpaired electrons) Using formula: μ = √n(n+2) BM μ = √4(4+2) = √24 = 4.90 BM (Experimental value: 5.3-5.5 BM du…
Why do transition metal compounds appear colored while s-block and p-block compounds are generally colorless?
Answer
Transition metal compounds are colored due to d-d transitions. In complexes, d orbitals split into different energy levels. When electrons absorb visible light energy, they jump from lower to higher d…
Explain the trend in atomic radii across the first transition series from Sc to Zn.
Answer
Atomic radii gradually decrease from Sc to Zn due to increasing nuclear charge while electrons are added to inner (n-1)d orbitals. d electrons provide poor shielding effect, so effective nuclear charg…
Balance the equation: KMnO₄ + H₂C₂O₄ + H₂SO₄ → MnSO₄ + CO₂ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O
Answer
Balanced equation: 2KMnO₄ + 5H₂C₂O₄ + 3H₂SO₄ → 2MnSO₄ + 10CO₂ + K₂SO₄ + 8H₂O Here, MnO₄⁻ (Mn⁺⁷) is reduced to Mn²⁺, and oxalic acid (H₂C₂O₄) is oxidized to CO₂. This is a redox titration used in volu…
Name the three zones in a blast furnace and write one key reaction occurring in each zone.
Answer
1. Zone of Combustion (bottom): C + ½O₂ → CO (ΔH = -220 kJ) 2. Zone of Reduction (middle): Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂ 3. Zone of Slag Formation (top): CaO + SiO₂ → CaSiO₃ Temperature decreases from bot…
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