Solutions — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
20 flashcards for Solutions (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "What is a solution and what are its.
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What is a solution and what are its main components?
Answer
A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances. It consists of: • Solvent: Component present in larger quantity (usually liquid) • Solute: Component present in smaller quantity (ca…
List the nine types of solutions based on the physical states of solute and solvent with examples.
Answer
Types of Solutions: 1. Solid in Liquid: Sugar in water, NaCl in water 2. Solid in Solid: Metal alloys (brass, bronze) 3. Solid in Gas: Iodine in air 4. Liquid in Liquid: Ethanol in water, gasoline 5.
Define solubility and explain the factors that affect it.
Answer
Solubility: Maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature (expressed in mol L⁻¹). Factors affecting solubility: 1. Nature of solute and solvent ('l…
State Henry's Law and write its mathematical expression with units.
Answer
Henry's Law: The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas over the solution. Mathematical expression: S = K_H × P or S ∝ P Where: • S = solubility of gas (…
State Raoult's Law for volatile liquids and write its mathematical expressions.
Answer
Raoult's Law: The partial vapour pressure of any volatile component of a solution is equal to the vapour pressure of the pure component multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. Mathematical e…
Differentiate between ideal and non-ideal solutions with examples.
Answer
Ideal Solutions: • Obey Raoult's law over entire concentration range • ΔmixH = 0, ΔmixV = 0 • Similar intermolecular forces between all components • Example: Benzene + Toluene Non-ideal Solutions: • …
What are colligative properties? List all four with their symbols.
Answer
Colligative Properties: Physical properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles in solution, not on their nature. Four colligative properties: 1. Vapour pressure lowering (ΔP) …
Derive the expression for relative lowering of vapour pressure and state its significance.
Answer
For solutions with non-volatile solutes: P₁ = x₁P₁⁰ = (1-x₂)P₁⁰ = P₁⁰ - P₁⁰x₂ Vapour pressure lowering: ΔP = P₁⁰ - P₁ = P₁⁰x₂ Relative lowering of vapour pressure: (ΔP/P₁⁰) = (P₁⁰ - P₁)/P₁⁰ = x₂ Si…
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