Solid State — Flashcards
Maharashtra Board · Class 12 · Chemistry
20 flashcards for Solid State (Maharashtra Board Class 12 Chemistry) to test yourself on key terms and facts. Sample: "What are the two main types.
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What are the two main types of solids? Give their key characteristics.
Answer
1. Crystalline solids: Regular, periodic arrangement of particles; sharp melting points; anisotropic properties (except cubic); examples: NaCl, diamond, metals 2. Amorphous solids: Random arrangement …
Define isomorphism and polymorphism with examples.
Answer
Isomorphism: Two or more substances having the same crystal structure and same atomic ratios. Examples: NaF and MgO (1:1 ratio), NaNO₃ and CaCO₃ (1:1:3 ratio) Polymorphism: A single substance existin…
Compare the four types of crystalline solids: ionic, covalent network, molecular, and metallic.
Answer
Ionic: Ions held by electrostatic forces; hard, brittle; high melting points; conduct when melted (NaCl) Covalent network: Atoms in 3D covalent network; very hard; high melting points; poor conductors…
What is a unit cell? List the four types of unit cells.
Answer
Unit cell: The smallest repeating structural unit of a crystalline solid that generates the entire crystal when repeated in three dimensions. Four types: 1. Primitive/Simple: particles only at corner…
Calculate the number of particles in each cubic unit cell: sc, bcc, and fcc.
Answer
Simple Cubic (sc): 8 corner particles × 1/8 = 1 particle per unit cell Body-Centered Cubic (bcc): 8 corner particles × 1/8 + 1 center particle = 2 particles per unit cell Face-Centered Cubic (fcc): …
Derive the relationship between density, molar mass, and unit cell parameters.
Answer
ρ = (n × M)/(a³ × Nₐ) Where: ρ = density of substance n = number of particles per unit cell M = molar mass a = edge length of unit cell Nₐ = Avogadro's number This equation allows calculation of any…
What is coordination number? Give coordination numbers for sc, bcc, and fcc structures.
Answer
Coordination number: The number of neighboring atoms/ions that directly touch a given atom/ion in a crystal structure. Simple Cubic (sc): 6 (4 in same layer + 1 above + 1 below) Body-Centered Cubic (…
Explain hexagonal close packing (hcp) and cubic close packing (ccp). How do they differ?
Answer
Both start with hexagonal close-packed layers (ABAB... pattern in 2D): HCP: Third layer aligns with first layer → ABAB... pattern CCP: Third layer covers octahedral voids → ABCABC... pattern (same as…
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