Atoms
Madhya Pradesh Board · Class 12 · Physics
Summary of Atoms for Madhya Pradesh Board Class 12 Physics. Key concepts, important points, and chapter overview.
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Atomic structure developed through successive models. Thomson established the presence of electrons and proposed a model with positive charge spread uniformly through the atom and electrons embedded in it. Rutherford’s scattering experiment revealed that most of the atom is empty space and that posi
Key Concepts
An atom was first pictured as
An atom was first pictured as a sphere of positive charge with electrons embedded in it like seeds in a watermelon. This model explains electrical neu
Alpha
Alpha-particle scattering showed that the atom has a tiny, dense, positively charged nucleus containing most of the mass, with electrons revolving aro
A beam of 5
A beam of 5.5 MeV alpha-particles from a Bi-214 source was directed at a thin gold foil of thickness 2.1 × 10^-7 m. Most particles passed through, ver
For a head
For a head-on alpha-particle, kinetic energy is converted into electrostatic potential energy at the turning point. The relation is d = 2Ze^2 / (4pi e
A revolving electron is accelerating
A revolving electron is accelerating, so classical theory says it should radiate energy and spiral into the nucleus. The model also cannot explain the
Learning Objectives
- Understand the development from Thomson’s model to Rutherford’s nuclear model and Bohr’s model
- Explain the alpha-particle scattering experiment and its conclusions
- Use Coulomb’s law and energy conservation to find the distance of closest approach
- Apply Bohr’s postulates to hydrogen atom energy levels and spectral lines
- Relate hydrogen spectrum, absorption spectrum, and emission spectrum
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