Peace And Security

Criminal acts to inflict injury on civilians and create fear for political purposes

Terrorism is defined as criminal acts committed to inflict dramatic and deadly injury on civilians and create an atmosphere of fear, generally for political or ideological purposes. While terrorism involves criminal acts, it goes beyond mere criminality due to its political motivations and systematic nature of creating terror. Option A is incorrect as terrorism has political, not personal motives. Option C is wrong as peaceful protests are democratic rights, not terrorism. Option D is incorrect as government military action, when lawful, is not terrorism.

West Bengal

The Naxalite movement began in March 1967 in Naxalbari village in West Bengal when revolutionaries led by Charu Mazumdar and Kanu Sanyal launched a peasant uprising. The movement started when tribals retaliated against local landlords over land disputes. Although the movement later spread to other states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, etc., its origin was specifically in West Bengal. The name 'Naxalite' itself comes from the village Naxalbari where it originated.

Non-alignment

During the Cold War when the world was divided between the USA-led Western bloc and Soviet Union-led Eastern bloc, India adopted the policy of Non-alignment. This meant not joining any military alliance but maintaining independence in foreign affairs and taking stands on international issues based on merit. Non-alignment was neither neutrality nor isolationism, but an active policy that allowed India to maintain sovereignty and freedom of action. India, along with leaders like Nehru, Tito, and Nasser, helped establish the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM).

Nehru, Tito, and Nasser

Jawaharlal Nehru of India, President Tito of Yugoslavia, and Nasser of Egypt are regarded as the founding fathers of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). These three leaders developed special relationships and worked together to establish NAM as a group of newly independent states that refused to accept the dictates of former colonial masters. Option A includes Gandhi and Patel who were important for India's independence but not NAM founders. Option C mentions other leaders but not the core founding trio. Option D includes leaders who were aligned with the Soviet bloc, not non-aligned.