Indian National Movement — Important Questions

Civil Disobedience Movement

Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930 with the famous Dandi March (Salt March). He walked 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi to break the Salt Law by making salt from seawater. The Non-Cooperation Movement was in 1920-22. The Quit India Movement was in 1942. The Khilafat Movement was led by Ali brothers for the Turkish Caliph. The Dandi March became a symbol of peaceful resistance against unjust British laws.

Bhagat Singh

Bhagat Singh popularized the slogan 'Inquilab Zindabad' (Long Live the Revolution). He shouted this slogan when he threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929 along with Batukeshwar Dutt. Chandrashekhar Azad was his associate in the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association. Subhash Chandra Bose used 'Jai Hind' and 'Chalo Dilli'. Tilak's famous slogan was 'Swaraj is my birthright'. This slogan became a rallying cry for revolutionary activities against British rule.

1947

India achieved independence on August 15, 1947, at the stroke of midnight. The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament, creating two dominions - India and Pakistan. 1946 was when the Cabinet Mission came to India. 1948 was when Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated. 1950 was when India became a republic and adopted its constitution. The transfer of power from British to Indian hands happened on August 15, 1947, ending nearly 200 years of colonial rule.

To study constitutional reforms in India

The Simon Commission, headed by Sir John Simon, was appointed in 1927 to study the working of the Government of India Act 1919 and suggest further constitutional reforms. Indians boycotted it because it had no Indian members, leading to protests with slogans like 'Simon Go Back'. Bengal partition was done by Curzon in 1905. Revolutionary suppression was done through various acts like the Rowlatt Act. Separate electorates were established through the Morley-Minto Reforms in 1909.