Arab Conquest Of Sindh - Turks Invasion And Establishment Of Delhi Sultanate In India

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Qutubuddin Aibak was the first ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. He was a former slave and general of Muhammad Ghori. After Ghori's assassination in 1206, Aibak declared himself Sultan of Delhi, marking t…

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The Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 was a turning point in Indian history. Muhammad Ghori defeated Prithviraj Chauhan, leading to the collapse of Rajput resistance and paving the way for Turkish rule …

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The Iqta system was an administrative practice where a Turkish officer or noble was granted land (iqta) in exchange for military service. The holder collected revenue from the land to maintain troops …

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Indian rulers failed due to political disunity, lack of centralized power, feudal fragmentation, outdated military strategies, and social divisions like the Varna system. In contrast, the Turks had a …

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Razia Sultana was the first and only female ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, ruling from 1236 to 1240. She was the daughter of Iltutmish and known for her intelligence, administrative skills, and efforts…

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Alauddin Khilji introduced price controls to stabilize the economy and support a large army. He fixed prices for goods, created separate markets (grain, cloth, slaves/horses), registered merchants, ba…

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Iltutmish consolidated the Delhi Sultanate by defeating rivals, introducing the Tanka coin, and creating the 'Chalisa' (group of 40 nobles). Balban strengthened royal authority, introduced strict cour…

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The Chalisa, or 'Forty', was a group of powerful Turkish nobles appointed by Iltutmish to help govern and defend the Sultanate. They were loyal military commanders but later became too powerful, chall…