An Overview of Recombinant DNA Technology
CBSE · Class 12 · Biotechnology
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Meaning and Scope of Recombinant DNA Technology
- Recombinant DNA technology means the direct manipulation of nucleic acid or genome of an organism.
- It is also called genetic engineering.
- Its main aim is to isolate a desired gene, propagate it, and obtain its product in large quantity.
Scientific Foundations Behind rDNA Technology
- DNA is the principal molecule responsible for the expression of characters.
- Avery, MacLeod and McCarty demonstrated in 1944 that DNA is the genetic material.
- Joshua Lederberg discovered plasmids in 1952.
Enzymes That Made DNA Manipulation Possible
- Restriction enzymes act as scissors to cut DNA molecules.
- Ligase joins two DNA fragments.
- Werner Arber and Matthew Meselson discovered Type I restriction enzymes in the 1960s.
Pioneers and Development of rDNA Technology
- Stanley N. Cohen had expertise in introducing plasmid DNA into Escherichia coli and in the propagation and cloning of plasmids.
- Herbert Boyer had expertise in cleaving double stranded DNA to produce single stranded ends with identical termini using restriction enzymes.
- Stanley N. Cohen and Herbert Boyer developed DNA cloning and rDNA technology in 1973.
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Sources & Official References
- NCERT Official — ncert.nic.in
- CBSE Academic — cbseacademic.nic.in
- CBSE Official — cbse.gov.in
- National Education Policy 2020 — education.gov.in
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